Thói quen lối sống và triệu chứng trầm cảm ở thanh thiếu niên Na Uy: Một nghiên cứu cắt ngang quốc gia
Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là kiểm tra mối liên hệ giữa một loạt các thói quen lối sống và các triệu chứng trầm cảm ở thanh thiếu niên Na Uy.
Nghiên cứu này dựa trên dữ liệu cắt ngang tự báo cáo, quốc gia từ các Khảo sát Ungdata, được thực hiện trong giai đoạn 2017–2019. Nhóm đối tượng mục tiêu bao gồm 244,250 thanh thiếu niên (độ tuổi từ 13–19). Phân tích hồi quy logistic nhị phân đã được sử dụng để phân tích mối liên hệ giữa các thói quen lối sống (hoạt động thể chất, sử dụng mạng xã hội, chơi game, thói quen ăn uống, hút thuốc, thuốc lá không khói, say rượu) và các triệu chứng trầm cảm. Biến kết quả được xác định là mức độ triệu chứng trầm cảm cao (≥80th percentile). Các phân tích riêng biệt đã được thực hiện cho các bé trai và bé gái, và tất cả các mô hình đều được điều chỉnh cho kinh tế gia đình cảm nhận, trình độ học vấn của cha mẹ và độ tuổi.
Nguy cơ có triệu chứng trầm cảm thấp hơn một cách đáng kể ở những người báo cáo tham gia hoạt động thể chất ít nhất 3 lần mỗi tuần (OR; bé trai: 0.81, bé gái: 0.83), sử dụng mạng xã hội ≤3 giờ mỗi ngày (OR; bé trai: 0.65, bé gái: 0.70), chơi game ≤3 giờ mỗi ngày (OR; bé trai: 0.72, bé gái: 0.77), không hút thuốc (OR; bé trai: 0.74, bé gái: 0.72) và chưa từng trải qua tình trạng say rượu trong 12 tháng qua (OR; bé trai: 0.66, bé gái: 0.67). Hơn nữa, kết quả cho thấy có mối liên hệ ngược đáng kể giữa triệu chứng trầm cảm và tiêu thụ cao các loại thực phẩm lành mạnh cũng như tiêu thụ thấp thực phẩm và đồ uống không lành mạnh ở bé gái. Các xu hướng tương tự cũng được tìm thấy ở bé trai (OR; 0.77–0.91). Cuối cùng, việc tuân thủ cao hơn các thói quen lối sống lành mạnh có mối liên hệ đáng kể với nguy cơ thấp về triệu chứng trầm cảm ở cả hai giới (OR; bé trai: 0.40, bé gái: 0.52).
Lối sống lành mạnh có mối liên hệ với nguy cơ thấp về triệu chứng trầm cảm. Cần thêm nghiên cứu để xác nhận mối liên hệ nguyên nhân có thể xảy ra.
Từ khóa
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