Đánh giá vòng đời của sinh khối năng lượng và sản phẩm dựa trên sinh học từ cỏ lâu năm trồng trên đất biên ở khu vực Địa Trung Hải

BioEnergy Research - Tập 8 - Trang 1548-1561 - 2015
Tobias Schmidt1, Ana Luisa Fernando2, Andrea Monti3, Nils Rettenmaier1
1IFEU—Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
2MEtRiCS, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
3Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Tóm tắt

Hệ thống nông nghiệp ở khu vực Địa Trung Hải đang ngày càng chịu áp lực do cả hiện tượng ấm lên toàn cầu và sự cạnh tranh gia tăng về đất nông nghiệp. Cỏ lâu năm có tiềm năng để giải quyết cả hai thách thức này: chúng là những cây trồng kháng hạn và được coi là không cạnh tranh với đất nông nghiệp có năng suất cao vì có thể trồng trên đất biên. Bài báo này trình bày kết quả của một đánh giá vòng đời (LCA) sàng lọc được thực hiện như một phần của đánh giá bền vững tích hợp trong dự án được tài trợ bởi EU ‘Tối ưu hóa cỏ lâu năm cho sản xuất sinh khối’ (OPTIMA). Dự án nhằm tối ưu hóa sản xuất Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), cần cỏ khổng lồ (Arundo donax L.), cỏ chuyển (Panicum virgatum L.) và aritichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) trên đất biên trong khu vực Địa Trung Hải. Các tùy chọn canh tác và sử dụng khác nhau đã được điều tra bằng cách so sánh toàn bộ vòng đời của sản phẩm sinh năng lượng và sản phẩm dựa trên sinh học với các sản phẩm thông thường tương đương. Kết quả LCA cho thấy việc canh tác cỏ lâu năm trên đất biên và việc sử dụng chúng cho sản xuất nhiệt và điện tĩnh có thể đạt được sự tiết kiệm lớn về phát thải khí nhà kính và năng lượng không tái tạo, với Miscanthus cho phép tiết kiệm lên tới 13 t CO2 eq./(ha · năm) và 230 GJ/(ha · năm), tương ứng. Tác động môi trường tiêu cực ít rõ ràng hơn. Các tham số quan trọng bao gồm nhu cầu tưới tiêu và độ ẩm tại thời điểm thu hoạch, điều này xác định nhu cầu năng lượng cho quá trình sấy kỹ thuật. Chúng tôi kết luận rằng việc canh tác cỏ lâu năm trên đất biên ở khu vực Địa Trung Hải cung cấp tiềm năng cho việc giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu cùng với tác động môi trường khác tương đối thấp, nếu các điều kiện ràng buộc và khuyến nghị khác được đáp ứng.

Từ khóa

#cỏ lâu năm #đất biên #đánh giá vòng đời #khí nhà kính #sản xuất sinh khối #Địa Trung Hải

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