Các điểm tác động để giải quyết các chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu không bền vững: các biện pháp dựa trên thị trường so với các lựa chọn chuyển đổi

Abman R, Lundberg C, Ruta M (2021) The effectiveness of environmental provisions in regional trade agreements. Washington DC. No. 9601 Abood SA, Lee JSH, Burivalova Z, Garcia-Ulloa J, Koh LP (2015) Relative contributions of the logging, fiber, oil palm, and mining Industries to forest loss in Indonesia. Conserv Lett 8:58–67 Abu IO, Szantoi Z, Brink A, Robuchon M, Thiel M (2021) Detecting cocoa plantations in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and their implications on protected areas. Ecol Ind 129:107863 Acosta A (2013) Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse. In: Lang M, Mokrani D (eds) Beyond development: alternative visions from Latin America. Transnational Institute, Amsterdam, pp 61–86 Afionis S, Sakai M, Scott K, Barrett J, Gouldson A (2017) Consumption-based carbon accounting: does it have a future? Wiley Interdiscipl Rev Clim Change 8:e438 Akizu-Gardoki O, Bueno G, Wiedmann T, Lopez-Guede JM, Arto I, Hernandez P, Moran D (2018) Decoupling between human development and energy consumption within footprint accounts. J Clean Prod 202:1145–1157 Alberts HC, Cidell JI (2006) Chocolate consumption, manufacturing and quality in western Europe and the United States. Geography 91:218–226 Alexander P, Brown C, Arneth A, Finnigan J, Rounsevell MDA (2016) Human appropriation of land for food: the role of diet. Glob Environ Change 41:88–98 Ameyaw LK, Ettl GJ, Leissle K, Anim-Kwapong GJ (2018) Cocoa and climate change: insights from smallholder cocoa producers in Ghana regarding challenges in implementing climate change mitigation strategies. Forests 9:742 Ashiagbor G, Asante WA, Forkuo EK, Acheampong E, Foli E (2022) Monitoring cocoa-driven deforestation: the contexts of encroachment and land use policy implications for deforestation free cocoa supply chains in Ghana. Appl Geogr 147:102788 Astari AJ, Lovett JC (2019) Does the rise of transnational governance ‘hollow-out’ the state? Discourse analysis of the mandatory Indonesian sustainable palm oil policy. World Dev 117:1–12 Backhouse M, Lehmann R, Lorenzen K, Puder J, Rodríguez F, Tittor A (2021) Contextualizing the bioeconomy in an unequal world: Biomass sourcing and global socio-ecological inequalities. In: Backhouse M, Lehmann R, Lorenzen K, Lühmann M, Puder J, Rodríguez F, Tittor A (eds) Bioeconomy and global inequalities. Macmillan, Palgrave, pp 3–21 Bager SL, Lambin EF (2020) Sustainability strategies by companies in the global coffee sector. Bus Strateg Environ 29:3555–3570 Ballingall J, Pambudi D (2017) Dairy trade’s economic contribution to New Zealand. [online]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7268. Accessed 21 May 2022 Bastiaens I, Postnikov E (2020) Social standards in trade agreements and free trade preferences: an empirical investigation. Rev Int Organ 15:793–816 Beckert J (2022) Durable wealth: institutions, mechanisms, and practices of wealth perpetuation. Annu Rev Sociol 48:233–255 Bey A, Jetimane J, Lisboa SN, Ribeiro N, Sitoe A, Meyfroidt P (2020) Mapping smallholder and large-scale cropland dynamics with a flexible classification system and pixel-based composites in an emerging frontier of Mozambique. Remote Sens Environ 239:111611 Bigdeli SZ (2014) Clash of rationalities: revisiting the trade and environment debate in light of WTO disputes over green industrial policy. Trade Law Dev 6:177 Bisschop L, Hendlin Y, Jaspers J (2022) Designed to break: planned obsolescence as corporate environmental crime. Crime Law Soc Change 78:271–293 Blay-Palmer A, Santini G, Dubbeling M, Renting H, Taguchi M, Giordano T (2018) Validating the city region food system approach: enacting inclusive, transformational city region food systems. Sustainability (switzerland) 10:1680 Bonnedahl KJ, Heikkurinen P, Paavola J (2022) Strongly sustainable development goals: overcoming distances constraining responsible action. Environ Sci Policy 129:150–158 Brack D (2013) Trade and environment: conflict or compatibility. Routledge, London Brandi C, Schwab J, Berger A, Morin JF (2020) Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make exports from developing countries greener? World Dev 129:104899 Brando PM, Paolucci L, Ummenhofer CC, Ordway EM, Hartmann H, Cattau ME, Rattis L, Medjibe V, Coe MT, Balch J (2019) Droughts, wildfires, and forest carbon cycling: a pantropical synthesis. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 47:555–581 Brinck K, Fischer R, Groeneveld J, Lehmann S, Dantas De Paula M, Pütz S, Sexton JO, Song D, Huth A (2017) High resolution analysis of tropical forest fragmentation and its impact on the global carbon cycle. Nat Commun 8:14855 Brockhaus M, Di Gregorio M, Djoudi H, Moeliono M, Pham TT, Wong GY (2021) The forest frontier in the Global South: climate change policies and the promise of development and equity. Ambio 50:2238–2255 Brown K, Adger WN, Devine-Wright P, Anderies JM, Barr S, Bousquet F, Butler C, Evans L, Marshall N, Quinn T (2019) Empathy, place and identity interactions for sustainability. Glob Environ Change 56:11–17 Burchardt HJ, Dietz K (2014) (Neo-)extractivism—a new challenge for development theory from Latin America. Third World Q 35:468–486 Büscher B, Massarella K, Coates R, Deutsch S, Dressler W, Fletcher R, Immovilli M, Koot S (2022) The convivial conservation imperative: exploring “biodiversity impact chains” to support structural transformation. In: Visseren-Hamakers IJ, Kok, Marcel TJ (eds) Transforming biodiversity governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 244–263 Cai X, Che X, Zhu B, Zhao J, Xie R (2018) Will developing countries become pollution havens for developed countries? An empirical investigation in the Belt and Road. J Clean Prod 198:624–632 Carmenta R, Barlow J, Lima MGB, Berenguer E, Choiruzzad S, Estrada-Carmona N, França F, Kallis G, Killick E, Lees A et al (2023) Connected conservation: rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world. Biol Conserv 282:110047 Castellanos-Navarrete A, de Castro F, Pacheco P (2021) The impact of oil palm on rural livelihoods and tropical forest landscapes in Latin America. J Rural Stud 81:294–304 Chaifetz A, Jagger P (2014) 40 years of dialogue on food sovereignty: a review and a look ahead. Glob Food Sec 3:85–91 Chen W, Kang JN, Han MS (2021) Global environmental inequality: evidence from embodied land and virtual water trade. Sci Total Environ 783:146992 Choiruzzad SAB, Tyson A, Varkkey H (2021) The ambiguities of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification: internal incoherence, governance rescaling and state transformation. Asia Europe J 19:189–208 Clegg S, Geppert M, Hollinshead G (2018) Politicization and political contests in and around contemporary multinational corporations: an introduction. Hum Relat 71:745–765 Corson C, Campell LM (2023) Conservation at a crossroads: governing by global targets, innovative financing, and techno-optimism or radical reform? Ecol Soc 28:3 da Costa Louzada ML, Ricardo CZ, Steele EM, Levy RB, Cannon G, Monteiro CA (2018) The share of ultra-processed foods determines the overall nutritional quality of diets in Brazil. Public Health Nutr 21:94–102 Davis KF, Koo HI, Dellangelo J, Dodorico P, Estes L, Kehoe LJ, Kharratzadeh M, Kuemmerle T, Machava D, Pais ADJR, Ribeiro N, Rulli MC, Tatlhego M (2020) Tropical forest loss enhanced by large-scale land acquisitions. Nat Geosci 13:482–488 Descals A, Wich S, Meijaard E, Gaveau DLA, Peedell S, Szantoi Z (2021) High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations. Earth Syst Sci Data 13:1211–1231 Dohong A, Aziz AA, Dargusch P (2017) A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia. Land Use Policy 69:349–360 Dompreh EB, Asare R, Gasparatos A (2021) Stakeholder perceptions about the drivers, impacts and barriers of certification in the Ghanaian cocoa and oil palm sectors. Sustain Sci 16:2101–2122 Duan Y, Ji T, Yu T (2021) Reassessing pollution haven effect in global value chains. J Clean Prod 284:124705 Dupas MC, Halloy J, Chatzimpiros P (2022) Power law scaling and country-level centralization of global agricultural production and trade. Environ Res Lett 17:034022 Environment Act (2021) Environment Act 2021 [online]. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/30/contents/enacted. Accessed 5 June 2022 Essandoh OK, Islam M, Kakinaka M (2020) Linking international trade and foreign direct investment to CO2 emissions: any differences between developed and developing countries? Sci Total Environ 712:136437 European Commission (2021) Proposal for a regulation on deforestation-free products FAO (2020) Global forest resources assessment 2020—key findings [online]. Rome. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8753en. Accessed 4 May 2022 Fehlenberg V, Baumann M, Gasparri NI, Piquer-Rodriguez M, Gavier-Pizarro G, Kuemmerle T (2017) The role of soybean production as an underlying driver of deforestation in the South American Chaco. Glob Environ Change 45:24–34 Ferraro PJ (2009) Counterfactual thinking and impact evaluation in environmental policy. New Dir Eval 2009:75–84 Frey RS, Gellert PK, Dahms HF (2018) Ecologically unequal exchange: environmental injustice in comparative and historical perspective. Springer Friedman RS, Rhodes JR, Dean AJ, Law EA, Santika T, Budiharta S, Hutabarat JA, Indrawan TP, Kusworo A, Meijaard E, St. John FAV, Struebig MJ, Wilson KA (2020) Analyzing procedural equity in government-led community-based forest management. Ecol Soc 25:16 Fuchs R, Brown C, Rounsevell M (2020) Europe’s Green Deal offshores environmental damage to other nations. Nature 586:671–673 Gammage C (2018) A critique of the extraterritorial obligations of the EU in relation to human rights clauses and social norms in EU free trade agreements. Europe World Law Rev 2:1–20 Garrett RD, Levy SA, Gollnow F, Hodel L, Rueda X (2021) Have food supply chain policies improved forest conservation and rural livelihoods? A systematic review. Environ Res Lett 16:033002 Garrone M, Pieters H, Swinnen JFM (2016) From pralines to multinationals: the economic history of Belgian chocolate. LICOS Discussion Paper No. 369, pp 1–40 Gaveau DLA, Locatelli B, Salim MA, Yaen H, Pacheco P, Sheil D (2019) Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in Borneo (2000–2017). Conserv Lett 12:e12622 Givens JE, Huang X, Jorgenson AK (2019) Ecologically unequal exchange: a theory of global environmental injustice. Sociol Compass 13:e12693 Green F, Healy N (2022) How inequality fuels climate change: the climate case for a Green New Deal. One Earth 5:635–649 Green R, Milner J, Dangour AD, Haines A, Chalabi Z, Markandya A, Spadaro J, Wilkinson P (2015) The potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the UK through healthy and realistic dietary change. Clim Change 129:253–265 Hansen MC, Wang L, Song XP, Tyukavina A, Turubanova S, Potapov PV, Stehman SV (2020) The fate of tropical forest fragments. Sci Adv 6:eaax8574 Harris NL, Gibbs DA, Baccini A, Birdsey RA, de Bruin S, Farina M, Fatoyinbo L, Hansen MC, Herold M, Houghton RA, Potapov PV, Suarez DR, Roman-Cuesta RM, Saatchi SS, Slay CM, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A (2021) Global maps of twenty-first century forest carbon fluxes. Nat Clim Change 11:234–240 He P, Baiocchi G, Hubacek K, Feng K, Yu Y (2018) The environmental impacts of rapidly changing diets and their nutritional quality in China. Nat Sustain 1:122–127 Heilmayr R, Heilmayr R, Carlson KM, Carlson KM, Benedict JJ (2020) Deforestation spillovers from oil palm sustainability certification. Environ Res Lett 15:075002 Hickel J (2020) Less is more: how degrowth will save the world. Penguin Random House, New York Hickel J (2021) What does degrowth mean? A few points of clarification. Globalizations 18:1105–1111 Hickel J, O’Neill DW, Fanning AL, Zoomkawala H (2022) National responsibility for ecological breakdown: a fair-shares assessment of resource use, 1970–2017. Lancet Planet Health 6:e342–e349 Hoang NT, Kanemoto K (2021) Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests. Nat Ecol Evol 5:845–853 IPBES (2022) Methodological assessment report on the diverse values and valuation of nature of the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Balvanera P, Pascual U, Christie M, Baptiste B, González-Jiménez D (eds). IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany Jakob M, Ward H, Steckel JC (2021) Sharing responsibility for trade-related emissions based on economic benefits. Glob Environ Change 66:102207 Jones L, Kobza C, Lowery F, Peters C (2020) The rising role of re-exporting hubs in global value chains. J Int Commer Econ 1–42 Katic PG, Cerretelli S, Haggar J, Santika T, Walsh C (2023) Mainstreaming biodiversity in business decisions: taking stock of tools and gaps. Biol Conserv 277:109831 Kehoe L, dos Reis TNP, Meyfroidt P, Bager S, Seppelt R, Kuemmerle T, Berenguer E, Clark M, Davis KF, zu Ermgassen EKHJ, Farrell KN, Friis C, Haberl H, Kastner T, Murtough KL, Persson UM, Romero-Muñoz A, O’Connell C, Schäfer VV, Virah-Sawmy M, le Polain de Waroux Y, Kiesecker J (2020) Inclusion, transparency, and enforcement: how the EU-Mercosur trade agreement fails the sustainability test. One Earth 3:268–272 Kolcava D, Nguyen Q, Bernauer T (2019) Does trade liberalization lead to environmental burden shifting in the global economy? Ecol Econ 163:98–112 Kumeh EM, Ramcilovic-Suominen S (2023) Is the EU shirking responsibility for its deforestation footprint in tropical countries? Power, material, and epistemic inequalities in the EU’s global environmental governance. Sustain Sci 18:599–616 Lambin EF, Thorlakson T (2018) Sustainability standards: interactions between private actors, civil society, and governments. Annu Rev Environ Resour 43:369–393 Larrea C, Campos SL, Voora V (2021) Voluntary sustainability standards, forest conservation, and environmental provisions in International Trade Policy. International Institute for Sustainable Development Latynskiy E, Berger T (2017) Assessing the income effects of group certification for smallholder coffee farmers: agent-based simulation in Uganda. J Agric Econ 68:727–748 Lenzen M, Keyβer L, Hickel J (2022) Degrowth scenarios for emissions neutrality. Nat Food 3:308–309 Li S, Kallas Z (2021) Meta-analysis of consumers’ willingness to pay for sustainable food products. Appetite 163:105239 Li M, Jia N, Lenzen M, Malik A, Wei L, Jin Y, Raubenheimer D (2022) Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions. Nat Food 3:445–453 Limenta M (2022) Toward an ASEAN-EU FTA: examining the trade and sustainable development chapter in the prospective Indonesia-EU CEPA. Leg Issues Econ Integr 49:191–216 López Cifuentes M, Gugerell C (2021) Food democracy: possibilities under the frame of the current food system. Agric Hum Values 38:1061–1078 Lynch MJ, Long MA, Stretesky PB, Barrett KL (2019) Measuring the ecological impact of the wealthy: excessive consumption, ecological disorganization, green crime, and justice. Soc Curr 6:377–395 Mair S, Druckman A, Jackson T (2016) Global inequities and emissions in Western European textiles and clothing consumption. J Clean Prod 132:57–69 Martin A, Armijos MT, Coolsaet B, Dawson N, Edwards GAS, Few R, Gross-Camp N, Rodriguez I, Schroeder H, Tebboth MGL, White CS (2020) Environmental justice and transformations to sustainability. Environ Sci Policy Sustain Dev 62:19–30 Martin-Ortega O, Treviño-Lozano L (2023) Sustainable public procurement of infrastructure and human rights. Edward Elgar Publishing Meadows DH (1999) Leverage points: places to intervene in a system. The Sustainability Institute, Hartland Meemken EM, Barrett CB, Michelson HC, Qaim M, Reardon T, Sellare J (2021) Sustainability standards in global agrifood supply chains. Nat Food 2:758–765 Meng B, Peters GP, Wang Z, Li M (2018) Tracing CO2 emissions in global value chains. Energy Econ 73:24–42 Mirza MU, Richter A, van Nes EH, Scheffer M (2019) Technology driven inequality leads to poverty and resource depletion. Ecol Econ 160:215–226 Mitchard ETA (2018) The tropical forest carbon cycle and climate change. Nature 559:527–534 Mossay P, Tabuchi T (2015) Preferential trade agreements harm third countries. Econ J 125:1964–1985 Munroe DK, Batistella M, Friis C, Gasparri NI, Lambin EF, Liu J, Meyfroidt P, Moran E, Nielsen JØ (2019) Governing flows in telecoupled land systems. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 38:53–59 Niinimäki K, Peters G, Dahlbo H, Perry P, Rissanen T, Gwilt A (2020) The environmental price of fast fashion. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1:189–200 Ovalle-Rivera O, Läderach P, Bunn C, Obersteiner M, Schroth G (2015) Projected shifts in Coffea arabica suitability among major global producing regions due to climate change. PLoS ONE 10:e0124155 Oya C, Schaefer F, Skalidou D (2018) The effectiveness of agricultural certification in developing countries: a systematic review. World Dev 112:282–312 Pacheco P, Schoneveld G, Dermawan A, Komarudin H, Djama M (2020) Governing sustainable palm oil supply: disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between state regulations and private standards. Regul Govern 14:568–598 Pan Y, Birdsey RA, Phillips OL, Jackson RB (2013) The structure, distribution, and biomass of the world’s forests. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 44:593–622 Pasaribu SI, Vanclay F (2021) Children’s rights in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry: improving company respect for the rights of the child. Land 10:500 Pendrill F, Persson UM, Godar J, Kastner T (2019) Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition. Environ Res Lett 14:055003 Pendrill F, Persson UM, Kastner T, Wood R (2022) Deforestation risk embodied in production and consumption of agricultural and forestry commodities 2005–2018. [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886600. Accessed 21 Sept 2023 Perkiss S, Bernardi C, Dumay J, Haslam J (2021) A sticky chocolate problem: impression management and counter accounts in the shaping of corporate image. Crit Perspect Account 81:102229 Phélinas P, Choumert J (2017) Is GM soybean cultivation in Argentina sustainable? World Dev 99:452–462 Pillay R, Venter M, Aragon-Osejo J, González-del-Pliego P, Hansen AJ, Watson JEM, Venter O (2022) Tropical forests are home to over half of the world’s vertebrate species. Front Ecol Environ 20:10–15 Prabowo D, Maryudi A, Senawi D, Imron MA (2017) Conversion of forests into oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: insights from actors’ power and its dynamics. For Policy Econ 78:32–39 Ramírez-Mejía D, Levers C, Mas JF (2022) Spatial patterns and determinants of avocado frontier dynamics in Mexico. Reg Environ Change 22:28 Rocco MV, Golinucci N, Ronco SM, Colombo E (2020) Fighting carbon leakage through consumption-based carbon emissions policies: empirical analysis based on the World Trade Model with bilateral trades. Appl Energy 274:115301 Rodrik D (2018) What do trade agreements really do? J Econ Perspect 32:73–90 Santika T, Wilson KA, Budiharta S, Law EA, Poh TM, Ancrenaz M, Struebig MJ, Meijaard E (2019) Does oil palm agriculture help alleviate poverty? A multidimensional counterfactual assessment of oil palm development in Indonesia. World Dev 120:105–117 Santika T, Wilson KA, Law EA, St John FAV, Carlson KM, Gibbs H, Morgans CL, Ancrenaz M, Meijaard E, Struebig MJ (2021) Impact of palm oil sustainability certification on village well-being and poverty in Indonesia. Nat Sustain 4:109–119 Satyro WC, Sacomano JB, Contador JC, Telles R (2018) Planned obsolescence or planned resource depletion? A sustainable approach. J Clean Prod 195:744–752 Schleicher J, Eklund J, Barnes MD, Geldmann J, Oldekop JA, Jones JPG (2020) Statistical matching for conservation science. Conserv Biol 34:538–549 Schleifer P, Sun Y (2020) Reviewing the impact of sustainability certification on food security in developing countries. Glob Food Secur 24:100337 Schmeichel A (2017) Import regulations and certification as a means to enforce sustainable agriculture abroad. In: Ginzky H, Dooley E, Heuser EL, Kasimbazi E, Markus T, Qin T (eds) International yearbook of soil law and policy. Springer, pp 167–188 Schouten G, Bitzer V (2015) The emergence of Southern standards in agricultural value chains: a new trend in sustainability governance? Ecol Econ 120:175–184 Sellare J, Börner J, Brugger F, Garrett R, Günther I, Meemken E-M, Pelli EM, Steinhübel L, Wuepper D (2022) Six research priorities to support corporate due-diligence policies. Nature 606:861–863 Sethi M, Puppim de Oliveira J (2015) From global ‘North-South’ to local ‘Urban-Rural’: a shifting paradigm in climate governance? Urban Clim 14:529–543 Seymour FJ, Aurora L, Arif J (2020) The jurisdictional approach in Indonesia: incentives, actions, and facilitating connections. Front For Glob Change 3:503326 Shahid SM, Bishop KS (2019) Comprehensive approaches to improving nutrition: future prospects. Nutrients 11:1760 Sikor T, Lund C (2009) Access and property: a question of power and authority. Dev Change 40:1–22 Sills EO, de Sassi C, Jagger P, Lawlor K, Miteva DA, Pattanayak SK, Sunderlin WD (2017) Building the evidence base for REDD+: study design and methods for evaluating the impacts of conservation interventions on local well-being. Glob Environ Change 43:148–160 Sina E, Boakye D, Christianson L, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A (2022) Social media and children’s and adolescents’ diets: a systematic review of the underlying social and physiological mechanisms. Adv Nutr 13:913–937 Slater S, Baker P, Lawrence M (2022) An analysis of the transformative potential of major food system report recommendations. Glob Food Secur 32:100610 Somarriba E, López Sampson A (2018) Coffee and cocoa agroforestry systems: pathways to deforestation, reforestation, and tree cover change. The World Bank, Washington Song XP, Hansen MC, Potapov P, Adusei B, Pickering J, Adami M, Lima A, Zalles V, Stehman SV, Di Bella CM, Conde MC, Copati EJ, Fernandes LB, Hernandez-Serna A, Jantz SM, Pickens AH, Turubanova S, Tyukavina A (2021) Massive soybean expansion in South America since 2000 and implications for conservation. Nat Sustain 4:784–792 Srnicek N, Williams A (2015) Inventing the future: postcapitalism and a world without work. Verso, London Standing G (2018) The precariat: today’s transformative class? Development 61:115–121 Stringer C, Tamásy C, le Heron R, Gray S (2016) Growing a global resource-based company from New Zealand: the case of dairy giant Fonterra. In: Stringer C, Heron RL (eds) Agri-food commodity chains and globalising networks. Routledge, London Sun Z, Behrens P, Tukker A, Bruckner M, Scherer L (2022) Shared and environmentally just responsibility for global biodiversity loss. Ecol Econ 194:107339 Tait P, Saunders C, Guenther M, Rutherford P (2016) Emerging versus developed economy consumer willingness to pay for environmentally sustainable food production: a choice experiment approach comparing Indian, Chinese and United Kingdom lamb consumers. J Clean Prod 124:65–72 Taubert F, Fischer R, Groeneveld J, Lehmann S, Müller MS, Rödig E, Wiegand T, Huth A (2018) Global patterns of tropical forest fragmentation. Nature 554:519–522 Tayleur C, Balmford A, Buchanan GM, Butchart SHM, Ducharme H, Green RE, Milder JC, Sanderson FJ, Thomas DHL, Vickery J, Phalan B (2017) Global coverage of agricultural sustainability standards, and their role in conserving biodiversity. Conserv Lett 10:610–618 Tukker A, Pollitt H, Henkemans M (2020) Consumption-based carbon accounting: sense and sensibility. Clim Policy 20:S1–S13 Tyson A, Meganingtyas E (2022) The status of palm oil under the European Union’s renewable energy directive: sustainability or protectionism? Bull Indones Econ Stud 58:31–54 UN Statistics Division (2022) UN COMTRADE: international merchandise trade statistics. [online]. Available from: http://comtrade.un.org/. Accessed 21 July 2022 Varkkey H, Tyson A, Choiruzzad SAB (2018) Palm oil intensification and expansion in Indonesia and Malaysia: environmental and socio-political factors influencing policy. For Policy Econ 92:148–159 van der Ven H, Rothacker C, Cashore B (2018) Do eco-labels prevent deforestation? Lessons from non-state market driven governance in the soy, palm oil, and cocoa sectors. Glob Environ Change 52:141–151 Verschuur J, Koks EE, Hall JW (2022) Ports’ criticality in international trade and global supply-chains. Nat Commun 13:4351 Watts JD, Pasaribu K, Irawan S, Tacconi L, Martanila H, Wiratama CGW, Musthofa FK, Sugiarto BS, Manvi UP (2021) Challenges faced by smallholders in achieving sustainable palm oil certification in Indonesia. World Dev 146:105565 Wei T, Yang S, Moore JC, Shi P, Cui X, Duan Q, Xu B, Dai Y, Yuan W, Wei X, Yang Z, Wen T, Teng F, Gao Y, Chou J, Yan X, Wei Z, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Gao X, Wang K, Zheng X, Ren F, Lv S, Yu Y, Liu B, Luo Y, Li W, Ji D, Feng J, Wu Q, Cheng H, He J, Fu C, Ye D, Xu G, Dong W (2012) Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:12911–12915 World Bank (2022) Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%) [online]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TM.TAX.MRCH.SM.AR.ZS. Accessed 15 June 2022 World Cocoa Foundation (2019) Cocoa & Forest Initiative: private sector progress report 2018–2019. Washington DC WTO (2022a) Dispute settlement system [online]. Available from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_agreements_index_e.htm. Accessed 29 June 2022 WTO (2022b) Regional trade agreements (RTA) database [online]. Available from: https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx. Accessed 4 June 2022 Xiong B, Chen R, An L, Zhang Q, Xia Z (2021) Telecoupling urbanization and mountain areas deforestation between 2000 and 2020: evidence from Zhejiang Province, China. Land Degrad Dev 32:4727–4739 Xu Y, Yu L, Li W, Ciais P, Cheng Y, Gong P (2020) Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016. Earth Syst Sci Data 12:847–867 Yang B, He J (2021) Global land grabbing: a critical review of case studies across the world. Land 10:324 Zhang W, Wang F, Hubacek K, Liu Y, Wang J, Feng K, Jiang L, Jiang H, Zhang B, Bi J (2018) Unequal exchange of air pollution and economic benefits embodied in China’s exports. Environ Sci Technol 52:3888–3898 Zhao J, Lee JSH, Elmore AJ, Fatimah YA, Numata I, Zhang X, Cochrane MA (2022) Spatial patterns and drivers of smallholder oil palm expansion within peat swamp forests of Riau, Indonesia. Environ Res Lett 17:044015 Zhunusova E, Ahimbisibwe V, Sen LTH, Sadeghi A, Toledo-Aceves T, Kabwe G, Günter S (2022) Potential impacts of the proposed EU regulation on deforestation-free supply chains on smallholders, indigenous peoples, and local communities in producer countries outside the EU. For Policy Econ 143:102817 Ziai A (2016) Development discourse and global history: from colonialism to the sustainable development goals. Taylor & Francis