Lessons from the frontline: The value of emergency care processes and data to pandemic responses across the Pacific region

Mitchell, 2019, World health assembly resolution 72.16: what are the implications for the Australasian college for emergency medicine and emergency care development in the Indo-Pacific?, Emerg Med Australas, 31, 696, 10.1111/1742-6723.13373 World Health Assembly. Resolution 72.16. Emergency care systems for universal health coverage: ensuring timely care for the acutely ill and injured. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA72/A72_R16-en.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed 20 January 2020. Thind, 2015, Prehospital and emergency care, 245 Reynolds, 2018, Strengthening health systems to provide emergency care Chang, 2016, Burden of emergency conditions and emergency care usage: new estimates from 40 countries, Emerg Med J, 33, 794, 10.1136/emermed-2016-205709 Razzak, 2019, Global, regional and national burden of emergency medical diseases using specific emergency disease indicators: analysis of the 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study, BMJ Glob Heal, 4 Gupta, 2021, Early treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody Sotrovimab, N Engl J Med, 385, 1941, 10.1056/NEJMoa2107934 Siemieniuk, 2021, Antibody and cellular therapies for treatment of covid-19: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis, BMJ, 374, 1 Sun, 2020, Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province, Ann Intensive Care, 10, 33, 10.1186/s13613-020-00650-2 Baker, 2020, Essential care of critical illness must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 pandemic, Lancet, 395, 1253, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30793-5 Reis, 2021, Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial, Lancet Glob Heal, 1 Govindasamy, 2021, Planning for the next pandemic: reflections on the early phase of the Australian-COVID-19 public health response from the emergency department, Emerg Med Australas, 33, 759, 10.1111/1742-6723.13799 Mitchell, 2020, Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources, Emerg Med J, 37, 258 Schell, 2021, Essential emergency and critical care: a consensus among global clinical experts, BMJ Glob Heal, 6 Phillips, 2020, Emergency care status, priorities and standards for the Pacific region: a multiphase survey and consensus process across 17 different Pacific Island countries and territories, Lancet Reg Heal - West Pac, 1 Mowafi, 2019, Emergency care surveillance and emergency care registries in low-income and middle-income countries: conceptual challenges and future directions for research, BMJ Glob Heal, 4, 1 Cox, 2022, Lessons from the frontline: documenting the experiences of Pacific emergency care clinicians responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, Lancet Reg Heal - West Pac Pacific Community. COVID-19: Pacific community updates. https://www.spc.int/updates/blog/2021/06/covid-19-pacific-community-updates. Published 2021. Accessed 8 June 2021. Phillips G, Cox M. COVID-19 and emergency care in the Pacific. DevPolicy Blog. https://devpolicy.org/covid-19-and-emergency-care-in-the-pacific-20200428/. Published 2020. Accessed 28 April 2020. Woodruff, 2020, COVID-19 and the Indo–Pacific: implications for resource-limited emergency departments, Med J Aust, 213, 345, 10.5694/mja2.50750 Bornstein, 2021, Rising to the challenge: the emergency nursing response to COVID-19 in the Pacific, Australas Emerg Care, 24, 1, 10.1016/j.auec.2020.09.005 Mitchell, 2020, A ‘new normal’: harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care, Lancet Reg Heal - West Pac, 1 Mazurik, 2020, Early lessons from COVID-19 that may reduce future emergency department crowding, Emerg Med Australas, 32, 1077, 10.1111/1742-6723.13612 Herron, 2022, “When all else fails you have to come to the emergency department”: Overarching lessons about emergency care resilience from frontline clinicians in Pacific Island countries and territories during the COVID-19 pandemic, Lancet Reg Heal - West Pac, 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100519 van Manen, 2017, But is it phenomenology?, Qual Health Res, 27, 775, 10.1177/1049732317699570 Neubauer, 2019, How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others, Perspect Med Educ, 8, 90, 10.1007/S40037-019-0509-2 Cox, 2020, Zooming with our Indo-Pacific EM colleagues, Your ED 2021 Archibald, 2019, Using zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants, Int J Qual Methods, 18, 10.1177/1609406919874596 D’Arcy, 2003, Cultural divisions and island environments since the time of dumont d’Urville, J Pac Hist, 38, 217, 10.1080/0022334032000120549 QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo (released in March 2020). https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home. Published 2020. Accessed 4 June 2021. Boyatzis, 1998 Crabtree, 1999, A template approach to text analysis: developing and using codebooks, 163 EQUATOR Network. Enhancing the quality and transparency of health research. https://www.equator-network.org/. Accessed 4 June 2021. O'Brien, 2014, Standards for reporting qualitative research, Acad Med, 89, 1245, 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388 Ben, 2021, Epidemiological profile and performance of triage decision-making process of COVID-19 suspected cases in southern Tunisia, Afr J Emerg Med Ayebare, 2020, Adoption of COVID-19 triage strategies for low-income settings, Lancet Respir Med, 8, e22, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30114-4 Cameron, 2021, Preparing for reopening: an emergency care perspective, Emerg Med Australas, 33, 1124, 10.1111/1742-6723.13870 Goodacre, 2021, Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19: the PRIEST observational cohort study, PLoS One, 16, 10.1371/journal.pone.0245840 Kline, 2021, Clinical prediction rule for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 116 U.S. emergency departments 2-22-2021, PLoS One, 16, 10.1371/journal.pone.0248438 Greenhalgh, 2021, Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Lancet, 397, 1603, 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2 2020 Marsh, 2020, Emergency department design in low-and middle-income settings: lessons from a University Hospital in Haiti, Ann Glob Heal, 86, 1 Mitchell, 2020, Implementation of a novel three-tier triage tool in Papua New Guinea: a model for resource-limited emergency departments, Lancet Reg Heal - West Pac, 5 Parpia, 2016, Effects of response to 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak on deaths from Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis, West Africa, Emerg Infect Dis, 22, 433, 10.3201/eid2203.150977 Lal, 2021, Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage, Lancet, 397, 61, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32228-5 Howes, 2012 Grundy, 2019, 9 2017 Kitur, 2019, Estimating the pattern of causes of death in Papua New Guinea, BMC Public Health, 19, 1322, 10.1186/s12889-019-7620-5 Gale, 2021, Public perspectives on decisions about emergency care seeking for care unrelated to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic, JAMA Netw Open, 4, 1, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20940 Razzak, 2019, Emergency care research as a global health priority: key scientific opportunities and challenges, BMJ Glob Heal, 4 Rao, 2020, Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19, Bull World Health Org, 98, 298A, 10.2471/BLT.20.257600 Brolan, 2017, Civil registration and vital statistics, emergencies, and international law: understanding the intersection, Med Law Rev, 25, 314, 10.1093/medlaw/fwx021 McIver, 2016, Health impacts of climate change in Pacific Island countries: a regional assessment of vulnerabilities and adaptation priorities, Environ Health Perspect, 124, 1707, 10.1289/ehp.1509756 Palagyi, 2019, Health system preparedness for emerging infectious diseases: a synthesis of the literature, Glob Public Health, 14, 1847, 10.1080/17441692.2019.1614645