Legitimacy and limitations of valuing the oxygen production of ecosystems

Altieri, AH, Diaz, R 2019, ‘Dead zones: oxygen depletion in coastal ecosystems’, in: World Seas: An environmental Evaluation, Elsevier, pp. 453-473. Altieri, 2015, Climate change and dead zones, Global Change Biol., 21, 1395, 10.1111/gcb.12754 Altieri, 2017, Tropical dead zones and mass mortalities on coral reefs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 114, 3660, 10.1073/pnas.1621517114 Arowolo, 2018, Assessing changes in the value of ecosystem services in response to land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nigeria, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 597, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.277 Belcher, 2008, Limits for combustion in low O2 redefine paleoatmospheric predictions for the Mesozoic, Science, 321, 1197, 10.1126/science.1160978 Bowers, 2018, Controlled trial evaluation of exposure duration to negative air ions for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder, Psychiatry Res., 259, 7, 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.040 Breitburg, D., Levin, L.A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F.P., Conley, D.J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., 2018, ‘Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters’, Science, 359(6371), p. eaam7240. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240. Cai, 2020, Values of the Farmland Ecosystem Services of Qingdao City, China, and their Changes, J. Resour. Ecol., 11, 443 CBD, 2020a, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. CBD, 2020b, United Nations Decade on Biodiversity: Ecosystem services, <https://www.cbd.int/undb/media/factsheets/undb-factsheet-ecoserv-en.pdf>. Chen, 2020, Complementing conventional environmental impact assessments of tourism with ecosystem service valuation: A case study of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, China, Ecosyst. Serv., 43, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101100 Chen, 2021, The ecosystem service value of maintaining and expanding terrestrial protected areas in China, Sci. Total Environ., 781, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146768 Chen, 2022, Land use trade-offs in China's protected areas from the perspective of accounting values of ecosystem services, J. Environ. Manage., 315, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115178 China National Environmental Management Standadisation Technical Commission 2020, Ecosystem assessment: Guideline for gross ecosystem product accounting, viewed 12 January 2022, <https://www.cnis.ac.cn/ynbm/zhfy/bzyjzq/gbyjzq/202010/t20201012_50375.html>. Cole, D.B., Ozaki, K., Reinhard, C.T., 2022, ‘Atmospheric oxygen abundance, marine nutrient availability, and organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor’, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 36(1), p. e2021GB007052. doi:10.1029/2021GB007052. Costanza, 1997, The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, 387, 253, 10.1038/387253a0 Costanza, 2014, Changes in the global value of ecosystem services, Global Environ. Change, 26, 152, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002 Costanza, 2017, Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go?, Ecosyst. Serv., 28, 1, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008 de Groot, 2012, Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units, Ecosyst. Serv., 1, 50, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.005 de Groot, 2002, A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services, Ecol. Econ., 41, 393, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7 Diaz, 2008, Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems, Science, 321, 926, 10.1126/science.1156401 FAO 2022, Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, viewed 12 April 2022, <https://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/background/regulating-services/en/>. Fu, 2011, Double counting in ecosystem services valuation: causes and countermeasures, Ecol. Res., 26, 1, 10.1007/s11284-010-0766-3 Hein, 2006, Spatial scales, stakeholders and the valuation of ecosystem services, Ecol. Econ., 57, 209, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.005 Huang, 2018, The global oxygen budget and its future projection, Sci. Bull., 63, 1180, 10.1016/j.scib.2018.07.023 IPBES 2019a, Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Intergovermental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. IPBES 2019b, Status and trends – drivers of change’, in ES Brondizio, J Settele, S Díaz & HT Ngo (eds), Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Intergovermental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. Jiang, 2018, Negative air ions and their effects on human health and air quality improvement, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19, 2966, 10.3390/ijms19102966 Jiang, 2021, Mapping global value of terrestrial ecosystem services by countries, Ecosyst. Serv., 52, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101361 Kasting, 2013, What caused the rise of atmospheric O2?, Chem. Geol., 362, 13, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.039 Krause, 2018, Stepwise oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere, Nat. Commun., 9, 1, 10.1038/s41467-018-06383-y Kubiszewski, 2013, An initial estimate of the value of ecosystem services in Bhutan, Ecosyst. Serv., 3, e11, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.11.004 Kubiszewski, 2017, The future value of ecosystem services: Global scenarios and national implications, Ecosyst. Serv., 26, 289, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.004 Lenton, 2016, Earliest land plants created modern levels of atmospheric oxygen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 113, 9704, 10.1073/pnas.1604787113 Li, 2016, Ecosystem services valuation of lakeside wetland park beside Chaohu Lake in China, Water, 8, 301, 10.3390/w8070301 Li, 2018, An empirical study on the integration of rural tourism and meteorological from the perspective of global tourism Liu, 2020, Estimation of gridded atmospheric oxygen consumption from 1975 to 2018, J. Meteorolog. Res., 34, 646, 10.1007/s13351-020-9133-7 Lyons, 2014, The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere, Nature, 506, 307, 10.1038/nature13068 Maikhuri, 2012, Soil quality and soil health: A review, Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 38, 19 Mao, 2012, Effects of short-term forest bathing on human health in a broad-leaved evergreen forest in Zhejiang Province, China, Biomedical Environ. Sci., 25, 317 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, Washington, DC (USA) Island Press. Müller, A., Sukhdev, P., Miller, D., Sharma, K., Hussain, S., 2015, Towards a Global Study on the Economics of Eco-Agri-Food Systems, The Economics of Ecosystems Biodiversity. Newton, 2018, Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons, J. Nature Conserv., 44, 50, 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.02.009 Ninan, 2014, Valuing forest ecosystem services: What we know and what we don’t, 189 Ouyang, 1999, A primary study on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic values, Acta Ecol. Sin., 19, 607 Ozaki, 2021, The future lifespan of Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere, Nat. Geosci., 14, 138, 10.1038/s41561-021-00693-5 Pino, 2013, There’s something in the air: Empirical evidence for the effects of negative air ions (NAI) on psychophysiological state and performance, Res. Psychol. Behav. Sci., 1, 48 Renforth, 2017, Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration, Rev. Geophys., 55, 636, 10.1002/2016RG000533 Sannigrahi, 2019, Ecosystem service value assessment of a natural reserve region for strengthening protection and conservation, J. Environ. Manage., 244, 208, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.095 Schmidtko, 2017, Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades, Nature, 542, 335, 10.1038/nature21399 Taye, 2021, The economic values of global forest ecosystem services: A meta-analysis, Ecol. Econ., 189, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107145 TEEB 2009, TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers, <http://www.teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/Study%20and%20Reports/Reports/National%20and%20International%20Policy%20Making/TEEB%20for%20National%20Policy%20Makers%20report/TEEB%20for%20National.pdf>. TEEB, 2019, Ecosystem Services, The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity, Geneva, Switzerland, viewed 6 May 2019, <http://www.teebweb.org/resources/ecosystem-services/>. UNEP 2014, Guidance Manual on Valuation and Accounting of Ecosystem Services for Small Island Developing States, United Nations Environment Programme, <https://www.cbd.int/financial/monterreytradetech/unep-valuation-sids.pdf>. United Nations et al. 2021, System of Environmental-Economic Accounting—Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA), White cover publication, <https://seea.un.org/ecosystem-accounting>. Wallace, 2007, Classification of ecosystem services: problems and solutions, Biol. Conserv., 139, 235, 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.015 Wang, 2022, Influence of meteorological conditions on the negative oxygen ion characteristics of well-known tourist resorts in China, Sci. Total Environ., 819 Wei, 2021, Declining oxygen level as an emerging concern to global cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 7808, 10.1021/acs.est.1c00553 World Resource Institute 2022, Global Historical Emissions, viewed 24 April 2022, <https://www.wri.org/insights/history-carbon-dioxide-emissions#:∼:text=%20The%20History%20of%20Carbon%20Dioxide%20Emissions%20,the%20largest%20in%20the%20world.%20Interestingly%2C...%20More%20>. Xue, 2001, Valuing ecological functions of biodiversity in Changbaishan Mountain Biosphere Reserve in northeast China, Biodivers. Conserv., 10, 467, 10.1023/A:1016630825913 Zhao, 2004, Valuation of barely agro-ecosystem services in Lhasa River valley region: A case study of Dazi County, J. Natural Resour., 19, 632 Zhu, 2021, Comprehensive evaluation of healthcare benefits of different forest types: A case study in Shimen National Forest Park, China, Forests, 12, 207, 10.3390/f12020207