Lattice Boltzmann simulations of diffusion through native and steam-exploded softwood bordered pits

Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro MJ (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresour Technol 101:4851–4861

Arrio-Dupont M, Cribier S, Foucault G, Devaux PF, d`Albis A (1996) Diffusion of fluorescently labeled macromolecules in cultured muscle cells. Biophys J 70:2327–2332. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79798-9

Asikainen A (2010) Availability of wood biomass for biorefining. Cellul Chem Technol 44:111–115

Azhar S, Wang Y, Lawoko M, Henriksson G, Lindström ME (2011) Extraction of polymers from enzyme-treated softwood. BioResources 6:4606–4614

Bernsdorf J (2008) Simulation of complex flows and multi-physics with the Lattice-Boltzmann method. Dissertation, University of Amsterdam

Cussler EL (2009) Diffusion, mass transfer in fluid systems, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Erickson HP (2009) Size and shape of protein molecules at the nanometer level determined by sedimentation, gel filtration, and electron microscopy. Biol Proced Online 11:32–51

Eshghinejadfard A, Daróczy L, Janiga G, Thévenin D (2016) Calculation of the permeability in porous media using the lattice Boltzmann method. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 1329:93–103

FitzPatrick M, Champagne P, Cunningham MF, Whitney RA (2010) A biorefinery processing perspective: treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products. Bioresour Technol 101:8915–8922

Galbe M, Zacchi G (2002) A review of the production of ethanol from softwood. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:618–628

Gebäck T, Heintz A (2014) A lattice Boltzmann method for the advection–diffusion equation with Neumann boundary conditions. Commun Comput Phys 15:487–505

Gebäck T, Marucci M, Boissier C, Arnehed J, Heintz A (2015) Investigation of the effect of the tortuous pore structure on water diffusion through a polymer film using Lattice Boltzmann simulations. J Phys Chem B 119:5220–5227

Ginzburg I (2005) Equilibrium-type and link-type lattice Boltzmann models for generic advection and anisotropic-dispersion equation. Adv Water Resour 28:1171–1195

Hacke UG, Sperry JS, Pitterman J (2004) Analysis of circular bordered pit function II. Gymnosperm tracheids with torus-margo pit membranes. Am J Bot 91:386–400

IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and II of the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland

Jedvert K, Wang Y, Saltberg A, Henriksson G, Lindström ME, Theliander H (2012) Mild steam explosion: a way to activate wood for enzymatic treatment, chemical pulping and biorefinery processes. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 27:828–835

Jonasson JK, Loren N, Olofsson P, Nyden M, Rudemo M (2008) A pixel-based likelihood framework for analysis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data. J Microsc 232:260–269

Lancashire JR, Ennos AR (2002) Modelling the hydrodynamic resistance of bordered pits. J Exp Bot 53:1485–1493

Liu Z, Wu H (2016) Pore-scale study on flow and heat transfer in 3D reconstructed porous media using micro-tomography images. Appl Therm Eng 100:602–610

Lorén N, Hagman J, Jonasson JK et al (2015) Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in material and life sciences: putting theory into practice. Q Rev Biophys 48:323–387

Ma Q, Zhao Z, Xu M, Yi S, Wang T (2016) The pit membrane changes of micro-explosion-pretreated poplar. Wood Sci Technol 50:1089–1099

Muzamal M, Gamstedt EK, Rasmuson A (2014) Modeling wood fiber deformation caused by vapor expansion during steam explosion of wood. Wood Sci Technol 48:353–372

Muzamal M, Jedvert K, Theliander H, Rasmuson A (2015) Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment. Holzforschung 69:61–66

Muzamal M, Bååth Arnling J, Olsson L, Rasmuson A (2016) Contribution of structural modification to enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and 3-D structural analysis of steam-exploded wood using X-ray tomography. BioResources 11:8509–8521

Petty JA (1972) The aspiration of bordered wood pits in conifer wood. Proc R Soc London 181:395–406

Petty JA (1973) Diffusion of non-swelling gases through dry conifer wood. Wood Sci Technol 7:297–307

Schulte PJ (2012) Computational fluid dynamics models of conifer bordered pits show how pit structure affects flow. New Phytol 193:721–729

Schulte PJ, Hacke UG, Schoonmaker AL (2015) Pit membrane structure is highly variable and accounts for a major resistance to water flow through tracheid pits in stems and roots of two boreal conifer species. New Phytol 208:102–113

Siau JF (1984) Transport processes in wood. Springer, Berlin

Sjöström E (1993) Wood chemistry: fundamentals and applications, 2nd edn. Academic Press Inc, San Diego

Stamm A (1946) Passage of liquids, vapors, and dissolved materials through softwoods. Tech Bull - US Dept Agric 84

Trtik P, Dual J, Keunecke D et al (2007) 3D imaging of microstructure of spruce wood. J Struct Biol 159:46–55

Valli A, Koponen A, Vesala T, Timonen J (2002) Simulations of water flow through bordered pits of conifer xylem. J Stat Phys 107:1–3

Wadsö L (1988) Bordered pit diffusion, report TVBM-3034. Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden

Zhang Y, Cai L (2006) Effects of steam explosion on wood appearance and structure of sub-alpine fir. Wood Sci Technol 40:427–436

Zhang X, Crawford JW, Young IM (2016) A Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating water flow at pore scale in unsaturated soils. J Hydrol 538:152–160

Zhou JG (2004) Lattice Boltzmann methods for shallow water flows. Springer, Berlin