Late stages of hematopoiesis and B cell lymphopoiesis are regulated by α-synuclein, a key player in Parkinson's disease

Akashi, 2000, A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages, Nature, 404, 193, 10.1038/35004599 Allman, 2001, Resolution of three nonproliferative immature splenic B cell subsets reveals multiple selection points during peripheral B cell maturation, J. Immunol., 167, 6834, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6834 Austin, 2011, Lack of alpha-synuclein modulates microglial phenotype in vitro, Neurochem. Res., 36, 994, 10.1007/s11064-011-0439-9 Barbour, 2008, Red blood cells are the major source of alpha-synuclein in blood, Neurodegener. Dis., 5, 55, 10.1159/000112832 Beach, 2009, Olfactory bulb alpha-synucleinopathy has high specificity and sensitivity for Lewy body disorders, Acta Neuropathol., 117, 169, 10.1007/s00401-008-0450-7 Bendor, 2013, The function of alpha-Synuclein, Neuron, 79, 1044, 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.004 Bryder, 2010, Shaping up a lineage--lessons from B lymphopoesis, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 22, 148, 10.1016/j.coi.2010.02.001 Burre, J., Vivona, S., Diao, J., Sharma, M., Brunger, A.T., Sudhof, T.C., 2013. Properties of native brain alpha-synuclein. Nature 498, E4–6 (discussion E6-7). Chiang, 2013, Comparison of primary human cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell responses reveal similar molecular requirements for lytic granule exocytosis but differences in cytokine production, Blood, 121, 1345, 10.1182/blood-2012-07-442558 Choi, 2013, Large alpha-synuclein oligomers inhibit neuronal SNARE-mediated vesicle docking, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110, 4087, 10.1073/pnas.1218424110 Corash, 1987, Regulation of thrombopoiesis: effects of the degree of thrombocytopenia on megakaryocyte ploidy and platelet volume, Blood, 70, 177, 10.1182/blood.V70.1.177.177 Crotty, 2011, Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH), Annu. Rev. Immunol., 29, 621, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101400 Dai, 2007, Stat5 is essential for early B cell development but not for B cell maturation and function, J. Immunol., 179, 1068, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1068 Das, 2004, Activation-induced polarized recycling targets T cell antigen receptors to the immunological synapse; involvement of SNARE complexes, Immunity, 20, 577, 10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00106-2 Diao, 2013, Native alpha-synuclein induces clustering of synaptic-vesicle mimics via binding to phospholipids and synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2, Elife, 2, e00592, 10.7554/eLife.00592 Dingjan, 2001, Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates the activation of gene rearrangements at the lambda light chain locus in precursor B cells in the mouse, J. Exp. Med., 193, 1169, 10.1084/jem.193.10.1169 Durandy, 2001, Human genetic defects in class-switch recombination (hyper-IgM syndromes), Curr. Opin. Immunol., 13, 543, 10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00256-9 Durandy, 2005, Hyper-immunoglobulin M syndromes caused by intrinsic B-lymphocyte defects, Immunol. Rev., 203, 67, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00222.x Fung, 2003, Expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in glial tumors and medulloblastomas, Acta Neuropathol., 106, 167, 10.1007/s00401-003-0718-x Gardai, 2013, Elevated alpha-synuclein impairs innate immune cell function and provides a potential peripheral biomarker for Parkinson's disease, PLoS One, 8, e71634, 10.1371/journal.pone.0071634 Geng, 2011, alpha-Synuclein binds the K(ATP) channel at insulin-secretory granules and inhibits insulin secretion, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 300, E276, 10.1152/ajpendo.00262.2010 George, J.M., 2002. The synucleins. Genome Biol 3, REVIEWS3002. Giles, 1981, The platelet count and mean platelet volume, Brit. J. Haematol., 48, 31, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1981.00031.x Greten-Harrison, 2010, alphabetagamma-Synuclein triple knockout mice reveal age-dependent neuronal dysfunction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 19573, 10.1073/pnas.1005005107 Hashimoto, 1997, NACP, a synaptic protein involved in Alzheimer's disease, is differentially regulated during megakaryocyte differentiation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 237, 611, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6978 Herzog, 2009, Regulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation by pre-B-cell receptor signalling, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 9, 195, 10.1038/nri2491 Kasai, 2012, Distinct initial SNARE configurations underlying the diversity of exocytosis, Physiol. Rev., 92, 1915, 10.1152/physrev.00007.2012 Kim, 2004, Alpha-synuclein induces apoptosis by altered expression in human peripheral lymphocyte in Parkinson's disease, FASEB J., 18, 1615, 10.1096/fj.04-1917fje Kondo, 1997, Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow, Cell, 91, 661, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80453-5 Lougaris, 2005, Hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome due to CD40 deficiency: clinical, molecular, and immunological features, Immunol. Rev., 203, 48, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00229.x Maitta, 2011, Alpha- and beta-synucleins are new diagnostic tools for acute erythroid leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, Am. J. Hematol., 86, 230, 10.1002/ajh.21932 Miller, 2007, Production of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 mediated by the kinase Itpkb inhibits store-operated calcium channels and regulates B cell selection and activation, Nat. Immunol., 8, 514, 10.1038/ni1458 Nakamura, 2004, Src homology 2-containing 5-inositol phosphatase (SHIP) suppresses an early stage of lymphoid cell development through elevated interleukin-6 production by myeloid cells in bone marrow, J. Exp. Med., 199, 243, 10.1084/jem.20031193 Nemani, 2010, Increased expression of alpha-synuclein reduces neurotransmitter release by inhibiting synaptic vesicle reclustering after endocytosis, Neuron, 65, 66, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.023 Orr, 2005, A possible role for humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, Brain, 128, 2665, 10.1093/brain/awh625 Papachroni, 2007, Autoantibodies to alpha-synuclein in inherited Parkinson's disease, J. Neurochem., 101, 749, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04365.x Passegue, 2004, JunB deficiency leads to a myeloproliferative disorder arising from hematopoietic stem cells, Cell, 119, 431, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.010 Pattu, 2012, SNARE protein expression and localization in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Eur. J. Immunol., 42, 470, 10.1002/eji.201141915 Ramirez, 2010, From hematopoietic progenitors to B cells: mechanisms of lineage restriction and commitment, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 22, 177, 10.1016/j.coi.2010.02.003 Rankin, 2011, IL-21 receptor is critical for the development of memory B cell responses, J. Immunol., 186, 667, 10.4049/jimmunol.0903207 Reales, 2005, Identification of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor exocytotic machinery in human plasma cells: SNAP-23 is essential for antibody secretion, J. Immunol., 175, 6686, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6686 Ren, 2010, Munc13-4 is a limiting factor in the pathway required for platelet granule release and hemostasis, Blood, 116, 869, 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270934 Reya, 2001, Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells, Nature, 414, 105, 10.1038/35102167 Reynolds, 2008, Nitrated alpha-synuclein and microglial neuroregulatory activities, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 3, 59, 10.1007/s11481-008-9100-z Roodveldt, 2008, Immunological features of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, J. Cell Mol. Med., 12, 1820, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00450.x Shin, 2000, Expression patterns of alpha-synuclein in human hematopoietic cells and in Drosophila at different developmental stages, Mol. Cells, 10, 65, 10.1007/s10059-000-0065-x Ulich, 1996, Systemic hematologic effects of PEG-rHuMGDF-induced megakaryocyte hyperplasia in mice, Blood, 87, 5006, 10.1182/blood.V87.12.5006.bloodjournal87125006 Xiao, 2009, Tumor suppression by phospholipase C-beta3 via SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of Stat5, Cancer Cell, 16, 161, 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.05.018 Xiao, 2008, Regulation of myeloproliferation and M2 macrophage programming in mice by Lyn/Hck SHIP, and Stat5, J. Clin. Invest., 118, 924 Zandi, 2010, Load and lock: the molecular mechanisms of B-lymphocyte commitment, Immunol. Rev., 238, 47, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00950.x