Late- and post-glacial vegetation and climate history of the south-western Taymyr Peninsula, central Siberia, as revealed by pollen analysis of a core from Lake Lama
Tóm tắt
On the Taymyr Peninsula and Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Central Siberia, a joint German/Russian multidisciplinary research project focuses on the Late Quaternary history of climate and environment. Within the scope of this project, palynological studies were carried out on a 10.8-m core from Lama Lake, situated in the south-west of the research area. The core, which did not reach the base of the lacustrine sediments, reveals the vegetation and climate history of the last 17 000 years and demonstrates that this area was not glaciated during that time. The Pleistocene/Holocene transition is, as elsewhere in the northern hemisphere, characterized by increased temperatures during the Bølling, Allerød and Preboreal with interruptions during the Older (post-Bølling) and Younger Dryas events. The Holocene climate optimum at Lama Lake probably occurred within the Boreal period, when dense larch forests developed. The Atlantic period was characterized by warm conditions that favoured the establishment of larch-spruce forests, though a climatic deterioration is also recorded. During the Subboreal, spruce fluctuated in importance, on the basis of which it is suggested that there were two cool periods with an intervening warm period. Since 3000 B.P., the climate has become considerably cooler and forests have degenerated. During the last 1000 years, unfavourable climate conditions have resulted in a forest tundra and widespread tundra communities developing in the Lama Lake region.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Björck S, Hjort C, Ingólsson Ó, Skog G (1991) Radiocarbon dates from the Antarctic Peninsula region — problems and potential. Quat Proc 1: 55–65
Brown TA, Nelson DE, Mathewes RW, Vogel JS, Southon JR (1989) Radiocarbon dating of pollen by accelerator mass spectrometry. Quat Res 32: 205–212
Dansgaard W, Johnsen SJ, Clausen HB, Langway CC (1970) Ice cores and palaeoclimatology. In: Olsson IU (ed) Nobel Symposium 12. Radiocarbon variations and absolute chronology. Wiley, New York pp 337–354
Galaziy GI, Parmuzin YP (eds) (1981) History of the large lakes of Central Sub-Arctic (in Russian). Nauka Press, Novosibirsk
Gavrilova MK (1981) Modern climate and permafrost on continents (in Russian). Nauka Press, Novosibirsk
Grosswald MG (1977) The latest Eurasian ice sheet. In: Avsyuk GA, Kotlyakov VM (eds) Glacalo-glacial studies: chronicle and discussions. Academy of Sciences, Nauka Press, Moscow, pp 45–60
Firbas F. (1949) Spät- und nacheiszeitliche Waldgeschichte Mitteleuropas nördlich der Alpen I. Fischer, Jena
Hahne J (1992) Untersuchungen zur spät- und postglazialen Vegetationsgeschichte im nördlichen Bayern (Bayerisches Vogtland, Fichtelgebirge, Steinwald). Flora 187: 169–200
Hammen T van der, Hooghiemstra H (1995) The El Abra Stadial, a Younger Dryas equivalent in Columbia. Quat Sci Rev 14: 841–851
Hu FS, Brubaker LB, Anderson PM (1995) Postglacial vegetation and climate change in the northern Bristol Bay region, southwestern Alaska. Quat Res 43: 382–392
Isayeva LL (1984) Late Pleistocene glaciation of north-central Siberia. In: Velichko AA (ed) Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. Longman, London, pp 21–30
Khotinskiy NA (1984) Holocene vegetation history. In: Velichko AA (ed) Late Quaternary environments of the Soviet Union. Longman, London, pp 179–200
Kind NV (1974) Geochronology of the late anthropogene from isotope data. Nauka Press, Moscow
Makeev VM, Bolshiyanov DY, Verkulich SR (1991) Holocene air temperatures. In: Krutskikh BA (ed) The arctic climate regime at the boundary between the 20th and 21st centuries (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, pp 160–186
Maloney BK (1995) Evidence for the Younger Dryas climatic event in southeast Asia. Quat Sci Rev 14: 949–958
Melles M, Wand U, Hermichen WD, Bergemann B, Bolshiyanov DY, Khrutsky SF (1994a) The expedition Norilsk/Taymyr 1993 of the AWI Research Unit Potsdam. Rep Polar Res 148: 3–28
Melles M, Kulbe T, Overduin PP, Verkulich S (1994b) The expedition Bunger Oasis 1993/94 of the AWI Research Unit Potsdam. Rep Polar Res 148: 29–80
Mott RJ, Stea RR (1993) Late-Glacial (Allerød/Younger Dryas) buried organic deposits, Nova Scotia, Canada. Quat Sci Rev 12: 645–657
Neustadt MI (1965) Palaeogeography and chronology of upper Pleistocene and Holocene based on data of radio carbon method. USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography. Nauka Press, Moscow
Payette S, Lavoie C (1994) The arctic tree line as a record of past and recent climatic changes. Environ Rev 2: 78–90
Regnell J (1992) Preparing pollen concentrates for AMS dating — a methodological study from a hardwater lake in southern Sweden. Boreas 21: 373–377
Richardson F, Hall VA (1994) Pollen concentrate preparation from highly organic Holocene peat and lake deposits for AMS dating. Radiocarbon 36: 407–412
Spear RW (1993) The palynological record of the Late-Quaternary arctic tree line in northwest Canada. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 79: 99–111
Velichko AA (1973) The natural process in the Pleistocene. Nauka Press, Moscow
Velichko AA, Isayeva LL, Makeyev V, Matishov GG, Faustova MA (1984) Late Pleistocene glaciation of the arctic shelf, and the reconstruction of Eurasian ice sheets. In: Velichko AA (ed) Late Quaternary environments of the Soviet Union. Longman, London, pp 35–44