Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 37 Số 1 - Trang 215-250 - 2006
Paul L. Koch1, Anthony D. Barnosky2
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
2Department of Integrative Biology and Museums of Paleontology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 74720;

Tóm tắt

Between fifty and ten thousand years ago, most large mammals became extinct everywhere except Africa. Slow-breeding animals also were hard hit, regardless of size. This unusual extinction of large and slow-breeding animals provides some of the strongest support for a human contribution to their extinction and is consistent with various human hunting models, but it is difficult to explain by models relying solely on environmental change. It is an oversimplification, however, to say that a wave of hunting-induced extinctions swept continents immediately after first human contact. Results from recent studies suggest that humans precipitated extinction in many parts of the globe through combined direct (hunting) and perhaps indirect (competition, habitat alteration) impacts, but that the timing and geography of extinction might have been different and the worldwide magnitude less, had not climatic change coincided with human impacts in many places.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1006/jasc.2000.0647

Alroy J. 1999. Putting North America's end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in context: large-scale analyses of spatial patterns, extinction rates, and size distributions. See MacPhee 1999, pp.105–43

10.1126/science.294.5546.1459c

10.1126/science.1059342

10.1007/BF00891140

10.1525/california/9780520240827.003.0013

10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.006

Barlow C. 2001.The Ghosts of Evolution. New York: Basic Books. 254 pp.

10.1126/science.1067814

10.1126/science.228.4697.340

10.1016/0033-5894(86)90049-9

Barnosky AD, 1989, Mass Extinctions: Processes and Evidence, 235

10.1073/pnas.0402592101

10.1126/science.1101476

10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085416

10.1016/0278-4165(88)90002-5

10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389

10.1126/science.1056466

10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.003

10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00289.x

10.1073/pnas.232126899

10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.01028.x

10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005

Burney DA, 2005, TREE, 20, 395

10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.003

10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00285.x

10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00386.x

Diamond JM, 1984, Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, 824

Dillehay TD. 2000.The Settlement of the Americas: A New Prehistory. New York: Basic Books. 371 pp.

10.1038/436913a

10.1093/molbev/msi103

10.1177/030913339101500402

FAUNMAP Work. Group, 1994, Ill. State Mus. Sci. Pap., 25, 1

10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00145-1

10.1080/0043824042000329540

10.1016/j.jas.2003.06.004

10.1017/S0079497X00002024

10.1007/978-1-4684-8833-3_9

Fisher DC, 1996, The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 296, 10.1093/oso/9780198546528.003.0031

Flannery TF. 1994.The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. Chatswood: Reed Books. 432 pp.

Flannery TF, Roberts RG. 1999. Late Quaternary extinctions in Australasia: an overview. See MacPhee 1999, pp.A239–55

10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12557.x

Gingerich PD. 1984. Pleistocene extinctions in the context of origination-extinction equilibria in Cenozoic mammals. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.211–22

10.1038/35015668

Graham RW, Lundelius ELJ. 1984. Coevolutionary disequilibrium and Pleistocene extinction. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.223–49

Grayson DK. 1984. Nineteenth-century explanations of Pleistocene extinctions: a review and analysis. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.5–39

10.1007/BF00974990

10.1023/A:1011165119141

Grayson DK, 2006, Handbook of North American Indians: Environment, Origins, and Population

10.1006/jasc.2000.0556

10.1023/A:1022912030020

10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4

Guilday JE. 1967. Differential extinction during late-Pleistocene and recent times. See Martin & Wright 1967, pp.121–40

Guthrie RD. 1984. Mosaics, allelochemics, and nutrients: an ecological theory of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.259–98

10.1038/nature02098

10.1038/nature02612

10.1073/pnas.95.12.6893

10.1371/journal.pbio.0020290

10.1080/00438240120107440

Haynes G. 2002b.The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. 345 pp.

Holdaway RN. 1999. Introduced predators and avifaunal extinction in New Zealand. See MacPhee 1999, pp.189–238

10.1126/science.287.5461.2250

Houghton JT, 2001, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis

10.1126/science.1085046

10.1126/science.1063789

10.1126/science.215.4528.19

10.1098/rspb.2002.2130

10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.006

10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01389.x

10.1191/0959683603hl682fa

10.2307/281017

King JE, Saunders JJ. 1984. Environmental insularity and the extinction of the American mastodont. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.315–39

Koch PL, 1994, Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, 63

Kuhn SL, Stiner MC. 2001. The antiquity of hunter-gatherers. See Panter-Brick et al. 2001, pp.99–142

Kurtén B. 1968.Pleistocene Mammals of Europe. Chicago: Aldine. 317 pp.

10.1073/pnas.040453097

10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0787:HFLCAM>2.3.CO;2

Lyons SK, 2004, Evol. Ecol. Res., 6, 339

10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00643.x

10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1

MacPhee RDE, 1997, Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar, 169

10.1006/jasc.2001.0802

10.1186/1471-2148-5-49

10.1130/G20672.1

10.1038/212339a0

10.2307/1295128

10.1126/science.179.4077.969

Martin PS. 1984. Prehistoric overkill: the global model. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.354–403

Martin PS. 2005.Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press. 240 pp.

Martin PS, Klein RD, eds. 1984.Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. Tucson: Univ. Ariz. Press. 892 pp.

Martin PS, Steadman DW. 1999. Prehistoric extinctions on islands and continents. See MacPhee 1999, pp.17–55

Martin PS, Wright HEJ, eds. 1967.Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. 453 pp.

10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00107.x

Matheus PE. 1997.Paleoecology and ecomorphology of the giant short-faced bear in eastern Beringia. PhD thesis. Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks. 282 pp.

McDougall I, Brown FH, Fleagle JG. 2005. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia.Nature433:733–36

10.1038/nature03103

10.2307/281884

10.1126/science.1111288

10.1126/science.283.5399.205

Moen RA, 1999, Evol. Ecol. Res., 1, 235

10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00036-5

Mosimann JE, 1975, Am. Sci., 63, 304

Mulvaney DJ, Kamminga J. 1999.Prehistory of Australia. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press. 480 pp.

10.1038/nature02430

10.1002/jqs.693

10.1017/S0094837300008927

Owen-Smith N. 1999. The interaction of humans, megaherbivores, and habitats in the late Pleistocene extinction event. See MacPhee 1999, pp.57–70

Panter-Brick C, Layton RH, Rowley-Conwy P, eds. 2001.Hunter-Gatherers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. 341 pp.

10.1038/nature01064

10.1038/nature04246

10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.012

10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.002033

10.1126/science.1060264

10.1890/03-4064

10.1038/nature02801

10.1038/nature01333

10.1038/35098000

10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093228

10.1126/science.1101074

Slaughter BH. 1967. Animal ranges as a clue to late-Pleistocene extinction. See Martin & Wright 1967, pp.155–67

10.1126/science.294.5546.1459c

10.1890/02-9003

10.1098/rstb.2001.0992

10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00116-2

10.1073/pnas.0502777102

10.1017/S0376892902000322

10.1111/j.1469-185X.1991.tb01149.x

Stuart AJ. 1999. Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions: a European perspective. See MacPhee 1999, pp.257–70

10.1038/nature02890

10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00026-4

10.1017/S0033822200019123

10.1126/science.1064397

10.1038/385807a0

10.1038/nature02121

10.1073/pnas.0408975102

10.1126/science.261.5120.456

10.2307/3557083

10.1126/science.273.5281.1536

10.1038/416389a

10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.457

Whittington SL, Dyke B. 1984. Simulating overkill—experiments with the Mosimann and Martin model. See Martin & Klein 1984, pp.451–65

10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00428.x

Winterhalder B. 2001. The behavioural ecology of hunter-gatherers. See Panter-Brick et al. 2001, pp.12–38

10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95184.x

Woodburne MO, Swisher CC III. 1995. Land mammal high resolution geochronology, intercontinental overland dispersals, sea-level, climate, and vicariance. InGeochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, ed.WA Berggren, DV Kent, M-P Aubry, J Hardenbol. SEPM Spec. Publ. 54, pp.336–64

10.1080/03115510408619286

10.1086/285824

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Tập 37 Số 1

215-250

Thông tin tác giả