Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aberhan, 1996, Diversity analysis of Lower Jurassic bivalves of the Andean Basin and the Pliensbachian–Toarcian mass extinction, Lethaia, 29, 181, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01874.x
Abramovich, 1998, Decline of the Maastrichtian pelagic ecosystem based on planktonic foraminifera assemblage change: implication for the terminal Cretaceous faunal crisis, Geology, 26, 63, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0063:DOTMPE>2.3.CO;2
Allègre, 1999, Age of Deccan Traps using 187Re-187Os systematics, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 170, 197, 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00110-7
Alt, 1988, Terrestrial maria; the origins of large basalt plateaus, hotspots tracks, and spreading ridges, J. Geol., 96, 647, 10.1086/629268
Alvarez, 1980, Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction: experimental results and theoretical interpretation, Science, 208, 1095, 10.1126/science.208.4448.1095
Anderson, 1994, The sublithospheric mantle as the source of continental flood basalts; the case against the continental lithosphere and plume head reservoirs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 123, 269, 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90273-9
Anderson, 1999, Humpty dumpty and Holmes, vol. 150, 13
Anderson, 1992, Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood basalts and tomography, vol. 68, 99
Archibald, 1996
Arndt, 1993, Mantle and crustal contributions to continental flood basalt volcanism, Tectonphysics, 223, 39, 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90156-E
Axelrod, 1981, Role of volcanism in climate and evolution, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 185, 1, 10.1130/SPE185-p1
Bains, 1999, Mechanisms of climate warming at the end of the Palaeocene, Science, 285, 724, 10.1126/science.285.5428.724
Bajpai, 2000, Cretaceous age for Ir-rich Deccan intertrappean deposits: palaeontological evidence from Anjar, western India, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 157, 257, 10.1144/jgs.157.2.257
Baksi, 1990, Timing and duration of Mesozoic–Tertiary flood basalt volcanism, Eos, 71, 1835, 10.1029/EO071i049p01835-01
Baksi, 1991, 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Siberian Traps, USSR: evaluation of the ages of the two major extinction events relative to episodes of flood-basalt volcanism in the USSR and the Deccan Traps, India, Geology, 19, 461, 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0461:ADOTST>2.3.CO;2
Banerjee, 1996, Changing biologic selectivity of extinction in the Foraminifera over the past 150 m.y., Geology, 24, 607, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0607:CBSOEI>2.3.CO;2
Barovich, 2000, A Neoproterozoic flood basalt province in southern-central Australia: geochemical and Nd isotope evidence from basin fill, Precambrian Res., 100, 213, 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00075-3
Barrera, 1994, Global environmental changes preceding the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary: early–late Maastrichtian transition, Geology, 22, 877, 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0877:GECPTC>2.3.CO;2
Barrera, 1990, Evolution of Antarctic waters during the Maastrichtian: foraminifera oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, ODP Leg 113, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program: Initial Rep., 113, 813
Basu, 1995, High-He-3 plume origin and temporal–spatial evolution of the Siberian flood basalts, Science, 269, 822, 10.1126/science.269.5225.822
Becker, 1994, Kellwasser events and goniatite successions in the Devonian of the Montagne Noire with comments on possible causations, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg, 16, 45
Beerling, 1998, Fossil plants record an atmospheric 12CO2 and temperature spike across the Palaeocene–Eocene transition in NW Europe, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 155, 591, 10.1144/gsjgs.155.4.0591
Berner, 1999, A new look at the long-term carbon cycle, GSA Today, 9, 1
Bhandari, 1995, Impact did not trigger Deccan volcanism: evidence from Anjar K/T bounrary intertrappean sediments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 433, 10.1029/94GL03271
Bowring, 1998, U/Pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the end-Permian mass extinction, Science, 280, 1039, 10.1126/science.280.5366.1039
Bralower, 1994, Timing and paleoceanography of oceanic dysoxia/anoxia in the Late Barremian to Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous), Palaios, 9, 335, 10.2307/3515055
Bralower, 1997, High resolution records of the late Paleocene thermal maximum and circum-Caribbean volcanism: is there a causal link?, Geology, 25, 963, 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0963:HRROTL>2.3.CO;2
Brett, 1992, The Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction: a lethal mechanism involving anhydrite target rocks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 3603, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90406-9
Brinkhuis, 1998, Dinoflagellate-based sea surface temperature reconstructions across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 141, 67, 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00004-2
Budyko, 1967, The influence of volcanic eruptions on solar radiation incoming to the Earth's surface, Meteorol. Gidrol., 10, 3
Caldeira, 1990, Deccan volcanism, greenhouse warming, and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, vol. 247, 117
Claoué-Long, 1991, The age of the Permian–Triassic boundary, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 105, 182, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90129-6
Campbell, 1990, Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 99, 79, 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90072-6
Campbell, 1992, Synchronism of the Siberian Traps and the Permian–Triassic boundary, Science, 258, 1760, 10.1126/science.258.5089.1760
Chung, 1995, Plume–lithosphere interaction in generation of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian–Triassic boundary, Geology, 23, 889, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0889:PLIIGO>2.3.CO;2
Chung, 1998, The Emeishan flood basalt in SW China; a mantle plume initiation model and its connection with continental breakup and mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary, vol. 27, 47
Cockell, 1999, Crises and extinction in the fossil record—a role for ultraviolet radiation, Paleobiology, 25, 212, 10.1017/S0094837300026518
Coffin, 1993, Scratching the surface: estimating dimensions of large igneous provinces, Geology, 21, 515, 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0515:STSEDO>2.3.CO;2
Coffin, 1994, Large igneous provinces: crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences, Rev. Geophys., 32, 1, 10.1029/93RG02508
Conaghan, 1994, Sedimentary evidence of the Permian/Triassic global crisis induced by the Siberian hotspot, Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Mem., 17, 785
Copper, 1998, Evaluating the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction: comparing brachiopod faunas, Acta Palaeontol. Polon., 43, 137
Cordery, 1997, Genesis of flood basalts from eclogite-bearing mantle plumes, J. Geophy. Res., 102, 20179, 10.1029/97JB00648
Courtillot, 1990, What caused the mass extinction? A volcanic eruption, Sci. Am., 263, 53, 10.1038/scientificamerican1090-85
Courtillot, 1994, Mass extinctions in the last 300 million years: one impact and seven flood basalts, Isr. J. Earth Sci., 43, 255
Courtillot, 1999
Courtillot, 1987, Magnetic field reversals, polar wandering, and core–mantle coupling, Science, 237, 1140, 10.1126/science.237.4819.1140
Courtillot, 1986, Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 80, 361, 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90118-4
Courtillot, 1988, Deccan flood basalts and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Nature, 333, 843, 10.1038/333843a0
Courtillot, 1999, On causal links between flood basalts and continental break-up, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 166, 177, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00282-9
Cox, 1989, The role of mantle plumes in the development of continental drainage patterns, Nature, 387, 888
Czamanske, 1998, Demise of the Siberian plume; paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstruction from the prevolcanic and volcanic record, north-central Siberia, Int. Geol. Rev., 40, 95, 10.1080/00206819809465200
Deckart, 1997, Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 205, 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00102-7
Devine, 1984, Estimates of sulfur and chlorine yield to the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and potential climatic effects, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6309, 10.1029/JB089iB07p06309
Dickens, 1995, Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene, Paleoceanography, 10, 965, 10.1029/95PA02087
Dickens, 1997, Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir, Nature, 385, 426, 10.1038/385426a0
Duncan, 1988, Rapid eruption of the Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Nature, 333, 841, 10.1038/333841a0
Duncan, 1997, The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana, J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 102, 18127, 10.1029/97JB00972
Dunning, 1990, U/Pb zircon and baddeleytic ages for the Palisades and Gettysburg sills of the northeastern United States: implications for the age of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, Geology, 1990, 795, 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0795:UPZABA>2.3.CO;2
Eldhom, 1993, Environmental impact of volcanic margin formation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 117, 319, 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90087-P
Ernst, 1997, Giant radiating dike swarms: their use in identifying pre-Mesozoic large igneous provinces and mantle plumes, vol. 100, 297
Erwin, 1993
Erwin, 1992, Testing for the causal relationships between large pyroclastic volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 893, 10.1029/92GL00703
Eshet, 1992, The palynofloral succession and palynological events in the Permo–Triassic booundary interval in Israel, 134
Farnetani, 1994, Numerical investigations of the mantle plume initiation model for flood basalt events, J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 99, 13813, 10.1029/94JB00649
Faure, 1995, Late Permian global coal hiatus linked to 13C-depleted CO2 flux into the atmosphere during the final consolidation of Pangaea, Geology, 23, 507, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0507:LPGCHL>2.3.CO;2
Féraud, 1994, Did Deccan volcanism predate the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition? Comment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 122, 259, 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90068-X
Fowell, 1993, Time calibration of Triassic–Jurassic microfloral turnover, eastern North America, Tectonophysics, 222, 361, 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90359-R
Frank, 1999, Tectonic forcings of Maastrichtian ocean-climate evolution, Paleoceanography, 14, 103, 10.1029/1998PA900017
Franklin, 1784, Meterological impingnations and conjectures, Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc., Mem. Proc., 2, 373
Genin, 1995, Vertical mixing and coral death in the Red Sea following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Nature, 377, 507, 10.1038/377507a0
Gladczenko, 1997, South Atlantic volcanic margins, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 154, 465, 10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0465
Grattan, 1999, Regional warming of the lower atmosphere in the wake of volcanic eruptions: the role of the Laki fissure eruption in the hot summer of 1783, vol. 161, 161
Hallam, 1961, Cyclothems, transgressions and faunal change in the Lias of North West Europe, Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc., 18, 132, 10.1144/transed.18.2.124
Hallam, 1987, Radiations and extinctions in relation to environmental change in the marine Jurassic of north west Europe, Paleobiology, 13, 152, 10.1017/S0094837300008708
Hallam, 1990, The end-Triassic mass extinction event, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 247, 577, 10.1130/SPE247-p577
Hallam, 1999, Discussion on oceanic plateau formation: a cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 156, 208, 10.1144/gsjgs.156.1.0208
Hallam, 1997
Hallam, 1999, Mass extinctions and sea-level changes, Earth-Sci. Rev., 48, 217, 10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00055-0
Hallam, 2000, Facies change across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in Nevada, USA, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 157, 49, 10.1144/jgs.157.1.49
Hames, 2000, New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of earliest Jurassic Central Atlantic magmatic province basalts on the North American margin, Geology, 28, 859, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<859:NEFGIE>2.0.CO;2
Haq, 1987, Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic (250 millions years ago to present), Science, 235, 1156, 10.1126/science.235.4793.1156
Harry, 1992, Basaltic volcanism, mantle plumes, and the mechanism of rifting: the Paraná flood basalt province of South America, Geology, 20, 207, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0207:BVMPAT>2.3.CO;2
Hesselbo, 2000, Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event, Nature, 406, 392, 10.1038/35019044
Hill, 1991, Starting plumes and continental breakup, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 398, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90218-7
Hollis, 1996, Radiolarian faunal change through the Cretaceous–Tertiary transition of eastern Marlborough, New Zealand, 173
Holser, 1987, Events near the Permian–Triassic boundary, Mod. Geol., 11, 155
Holser, 1992, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Permian/Triassic boundary events compared, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 3297, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90306-4
Holser, 1989, A unique geochemical record at the Permian/Triassic boundary, Nature, 337, 39, 10.1038/337039a0
Holser, 1991, The Permian-Triassic of the Gartnerkofel-1 core (Carnic Alps, Austria): synthesis and conclusions, Abhand. Geol. Bund., 45, 213
Honnegger, 1982, Magmatism and metamorphism in the Ladakh Himalayas (the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 60, 253, 10.1016/0012-821X(82)90007-3
Hsü, 1985, Carbon isotope anomalies at era boundaries; global catastrophes and their ultimate cause, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 247, 61, 10.1130/SPE247-p61
Huang, 1996, Magnetostratigraphic investigations of an Emeishan basalts section in western Guizhou Province, southwest China, EOS Trans., 77, F171
Huff, 1992, Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe: biological, tectonomagnetic and event-stratigraphy significance, Geology, 20, 875, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0875:GOVAFI>2.3.CO;2
Isozaki, 1997, Permo–Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: records from lost deep sea, Science, 276, 235, 10.1126/science.276.5310.235
Jaeger, 1989, Paleontological view of the ages of the Deccan Traps, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and the India–Asia collision, Geology, 17, 316, 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0316:PVOTAO>2.3.CO;2
Jenkyns, 1988, The early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event: stratigraphic, sedimentary and geochemical evidence, Am. J. Sci., 288, 101, 10.2475/ajs.288.2.101
Jenkyns, 1999, Mesozoic anoxic events and palaeoclimate, Zentralbl. Geol. Palaeontol., Teil 1, 7–9, 943
Jerram, 1999, Internal stratigraphic relationships in the Etendeka Group in the Huab Basin, NW Namibia: understanding the onset of flood volcanism, J. Geodyn., 28, 393, 10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00018-6
Jin, 2000, The Permian of China and its interregional correlation, vol. 18, 71
Jin, 1994, Two phases of the end-Permian mass extinction, Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Mem., 17, 813
Kaiho, 1994, Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal extinction events during the last 100 m.y., Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 111, 45, 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90347-6
Kaiho, 1994, End-Cenomanian benthic foraminiferal extinctions and oceanic dysoxic events in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 111, 29, 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90346-8
Kaiho, 1999, Oceanic primary productivity and dissolved oxygen levels at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: their decrease, subsequent warming, and recovery, Paleoceanography, 14, 511, 10.1029/1999PA900022
Kamo, 1996, A minimum U–Pb age for Siberian flood-basalt volcanism, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3505, 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00173-1
Katz, 1999, The source and fate of massive carbon input during the latest Palaeocene thermal maximum, Science, 286, 1531, 10.1126/science.286.5444.1531
Keith, 1982, Violent volcanism, stagnant oceans and some inferences regarding petroleum, strata-bound ores and mass extinctions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 2621, 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90382-9
Kennett, 1991, Abrupt deep-sea warming, palaeoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Palaeocene, Nature, 353, 225, 10.1038/353225a0
Kerr, 1998, Oceanic plateau formation: a cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 155, 619, 10.1144/gsjgs.155.4.0619
Khadkikar, 1999, The influence of Deccan volcanism on climate: insights from lacustrine intertrappean deposits, Anjar, western India, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 147, 141, 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00156-4
King, 1995, An alternative mechanism of flood basalt formation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 269, 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00205-Q
Knox, 1988, The record of early Tertiary volcanism in sediments of the North Sea Basin, vol. 39, 407
Koch, 1992, Correlation between isotope records in marine and continental carbon reservoirs near the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary, Nature, 358, 319, 10.1038/358319a0
Kozur, 1998, Some aspects of the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) and of the possible causes for the biotic crisis around this boundary, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 143, 227, 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00113-8
Kuypers, 1999, A large and abrupt fall in atmospheric CO2 concentration during Cretaceous times, Nature, 399, 342, 10.1038/20659
Labandeira, 1993, Insect diversity in the fossil record: myth and reality, Science, 261, 310, 10.1126/science.11536548
Larson, 1991, Geological consequences of superplumes, Geology, 19, 963, 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0963:GCOS>2.3.CO;2
Larson, 1991, Latest pulse of earth: evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume, Geology, 19, 547, 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0547:LPOEEF>2.3.CO;2
Leavitt, 1982, Annual volcanic carbon dioxide emission: an estimate from eruption chronologies, Environ. Geol., 4, 15, 10.1007/BF02380495
Leven, 1993, Main events in Permian history of the Tethys and fusulinids, Strat. Geol. Correl., 1, 51
Li, 1999, The breakup of Rodinia: did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 173, 171, 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00240-X
Little, 1995, Early Jurassic mass extinction: a global long-term event, Geology, 23, 495, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0495:EJMEAG>2.3.CO;2
Loper, 1986, Mantle plumes and the periodicity of magnetic field reversals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1525, 10.1029/GL013i013p01525
Loper, 1990, On impacts as a cause of geomagnetic field reversals or flood basalts, vol. 247, 19
Loper, 1988, A model of correlated episodicity in magnetic-field reversals, climate, and mass extinctions, J. Geol., 96, 1, 10.1086/629189
MacLeod, 1996, Reorganization of deep ocean circulation accompanying a Late Cretaceous extinction event, Nature, 380, 422, 10.1038/380422a0
Magaritz, 1992, Parallel trends in organic and inorganic carbon isotopes across the Permian/Triassic boundary, Am. J. Sci., 292, 727, 10.2475/ajs.292.10.727
Mahoney, 1993, Geochemistry and geochronology of Leg 130 basement lavas: nature and origin of the Ontong Java Plateau, vol. 130, 3
Marshall, 1996, Sudden and gradual molluscan extinctions in the latest Cretaceous of western European Tethys, Science, 274, 1360, 10.1126/science.274.5291.1360
Martin, 1995, Sr and Nd isotopes at the Permian/Triassic boundary: a record of climate change, Chem. Geol., 125, 73, 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00081-V
Marzoli, 1999, Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the central Atlantic magamatic province, Science, 284, 616, 10.1126/science.284.5414.616
Mass, 1989, Major volcanic eruptions and climate: a critical evaluation, J. Clim., 2, 566, 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0566:MVEACA>2.0.CO;2
McArthur, 2000, Strontium isotope profile of the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event, the duration of ammonite biozones, and belemnite palaeotemperatures, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179, 269, 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00111-4
McCartney, 1990, A paradigm for endogenous causation of mass extinctions, vol. 247, 125
McElwain, 1999, Fossil plants and global warming at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, Science, 285, 1386, 10.1126/science.285.5432.1386
McGhee, 1996
McHone, 1996, Broad-terrane Jurassic flood basalts across north-eastern North America, Geology, 24, 319, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0319:BTJFBA>2.3.CO;2
McLean, 1981, Cretaceous–Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes
McLean, 1985, Mantle degassing unification of the Trans-K–T geobiological record, Evol. Biol., 19, 287, 10.1007/978-1-4615-6980-0_6
Mitchell, 1991, A geological map of the southern Deccan Traps, India and its structural implications, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 148, 495, 10.1144/gsjgs.148.3.0495
Mitchell, 1994, The age and duration of flood basalt magmatism: geochemical and palaeomagnetic constraints from the Siberian Province, Min. Mag., 58A, 617, 10.1180/minmag.1994.58A.2.57
Morante, 1996, Permian and Early Triassic isotopic records of carbon and strontium in Australia and a scenario of events about the Permian–Triassic boundary, Hist. Biol., 11, 289, 10.1080/10292389609380546
Morante, 1994, Determination of the Permian–Triassic boundary in Australia from carbon isotope stratigraphy, Aust. Pet. Explor. Assoc. J., 34, 330
Morgan, 1972, Deep mantle convection plumes and plate motion, Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol., 56, 203
Morgan, 1986, Flood basalts and mass extinctions, Eos, 67, 391
Nakazawa, 1975, The upper Permian and lower Triassic in Kashmir, India, Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyoto Univ., Ser. Geol. Mineral., 42, 1
Norris, 1999, Carbon cycling and chronology of climate warming during the Palaeocene/Eocene transition, Nature, 401, 775, 10.1038/44545
Officer, 1983, The Cretaceous–Tertiary transition, Science, 219, 1383, 10.1126/science.219.4591.1383
Officer, 1996
Officer, 1987, Late Cretaceous and paroxysmal Cretaceous/Tertiary extinctions, Nature, 326, 143, 10.1038/326143a0
Olsen, 1999, Giant lava flows, mass extinctions, and mantle plumes, Science, 604, 10.1126/science.284.5414.604
Olsen, 1997, Causal? association of the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction and Pangean flood basalt—a matter of timing, Eos, 78, F721
Pálfy, 2000, Synchrony between Early Jurassic extinction, oceanic anoxic event, and the Karoo–Ferrar flood basalt volcanism, Geology, 28, 747, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<747:SBEJEO>2.0.CO;2
Pálfy, 1997, A U–Pb age from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) and its use for time scale calibration through error analysis of biochronologic dating, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 659, 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00241-5
Pálfy, 2000, Timing the end-Triassic mass extinction: first on land, then in the sea?, Geology, 281, 39, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<39:TTEMEF>2.0.CO;2
Papritz, 1989, Evidence for the occurence of Permian Panjal Trap Basalts in the Lesser- and Higher-Himalayas of the Western Syntaxis Area, NE Pakistan, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 82, 603
Pardo, 1999, Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary at Koshak, Kazakhstan, based on plamktic foraminifera and clay mineralogy, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 154, 247, 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00114-5
Pelechaty, 1997, Stratigraphic evidence for the Siberian–Laurentia connection and early Cambrian rifting. Reply, Geology, 25, 571
Pinto, 1989, Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11165, 10.1029/JD094iD08p11165
Pollock, 1976, Volcanic explosions and climate change: a theoretical assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1071, 10.1029/JC081i006p01071
Prasad, 1995, Implications of the infra- and inter-trappean biota from the Deccan, India, for the rol of volcanism in Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary extinctions, J. Geol. Soc. (London), 152, 289, 10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0289
Racki, 1998, Frasnian–Famennian biotic crisis: undervalued tectonic control?, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 141, 177, 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00059-5
Rampino, 1992, Volcanic winter and accelerated glaciation following the Toba super eruption, Nature, 359, 50, 10.1038/359050a0
Rampino, 1988, Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million years, Science, 241, 663, 10.1126/science.241.4866.663
Raup, 1984, Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 81, 801, 10.1073/pnas.81.3.801
Renne, 1991, Rapid eruption of the Siberian Traps flood basalts at the Permo–Triassic boundary, Science, 253, 176, 10.1126/science.253.5016.176
Renne, 1992, The age of the Parana flood volcanism, rifting of Gondwanaland, and the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, Science, 258, 975, 10.1126/science.258.5084.975
Renne, 1995, Synchrony and causal relations between Permian–Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism, Science, 269, 1413, 10.1126/science.269.5229.1413
Renne, 1996, Age of the Ponta Grossa dike swarm (Brazil), and implications to Parana flood volcanism, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, 199, 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00155-0
Renne, 1998, Intercalibration of standards, absolute ages and uncertainities in 40Ar/39Ar dating, Chem. Geol., 145, 117, 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00159-9
Retallack, 1995, Permian–Triassic life crisis on land, Science, 267, 77, 10.1126/science.267.5194.77
Retallack, 1999, Postapocalyptic greenhouse paleoclimate revealed by earliest Triassic paleosols in the Sydney Basin, Australia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 111, 52, 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0052:PGPRBE>2.3.CO;2
Retallack, 1999, Landscape ecological shift at the Permian–Triassic boundary in Australia, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 46, 785, 10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00745.x
Richards, 1989, Flood basalts and hotspot tracks: plume heads and tails, Science, 246, 103, 10.1126/science.246.4926.103
Robert, 1994, Antarctic subtropical humid episode at the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary: clay–mineral evidence, Geology, 22, 211, 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0211:ASHEAT>2.3.CO;2
Sadler, 1999, Volcanoes as agents of past environmental change, Global Planet. Change, 21, 181, 10.1016/S0921-8181(99)00014-4
Sadovnikov, 1993, The lower boundary and biostratigraphy of the nonmarine Triassic in Siberia, 421
Sadovnikov, 1998, Lower boundary of non-marine Triassic of Siberia, Hallesches Jahrb. Geowiss., 5, 156
Saunders, 1996, The formation and fate of large oceanic igenous provinces, Lithos, 37, 81, 10.1016/0024-4937(95)00030-5
Saunders, 1997, The North Atlantic Igneous Province, vol. 100, 45
Self, 1997, Emplacement of continental flood basalt lava flows, vol. 100, 381
Sepkoski, 1982, Mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic oceans: a review, vol. 190, 283
Sepkoski, 1996, Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: a perspective from global data bases, 35
Sharma, 1997, Siberian traps, vol. 100, 273
Sheth, 1999, A historical approach to continental flood basalt volcanism: insight into pre-volcanic rifting, sedimentation, and early alkali magmatism, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168, 19, 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00045-X
Sigurdsson, 1982, Volcanic pollution and climate: the 1783 Laki eruption, Eos, 63, 601, 10.1029/EO063i032p00601
Sigurdsson, 1990, Evidence for volcanic loading of the atmosphere and climatic response, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 89, 277, 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90069-J
Sigurdsson, 1990, Assessment of atmospheric impact of volcanic eruptions, vol. 247, 99
Sigurdsson, 1992, The impact of the Cretaceous/Tertiary bolide on evaporite terrane and generation of major sulfuric acid aerosol, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109, 543, 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90113-A
Sinton, 1997, Potential links between ocean plateau volcanism and global ocean anoxia at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, Econ. Geol., 92, 836, 10.2113/gsecongeo.92.7-8.836
Stanley, 1994, A double mass extinction at the end of the Palaeozoic era, Science, 266, 1340, 10.1126/science.266.5189.1340
Storey, 1995, Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India, Science, 267, 852, 10.1126/science.267.5199.852
Storey, 1998, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the West Greenland Tertiary volcanic province, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160, 569, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00112-5
Stothers, 1993, Flood basalts and extinction events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1399, 10.1029/93GL01381
Stothers, 1990, Periodicity in flood basalts, mass extinctions, and impacts; a statistical view and a model, vol. 247, 9
Tarduno, 1991, Rapid formation of Ontong Java Plateau by Aptian mantle plume volcanism, Science, 254, 399, 10.1126/science.254.5030.399
Tarduno, 1998, Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates, Science, 282, 2241, 10.1126/science.282.5397.2241
Thordarson, 1996, Sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the 1783–1784 AD Laki (Skaftár Fires) eruption in Iceland, Bull. Volcanol., 58, 205, 10.1007/s004450050136
Veevers, 1995, Permian–Carboniferous and Permian–Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea, Geology, 23, 467, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0467:PCAPTM>2.3.CO;2
Veevers, 1994, Turning point in Pangean environmental history at the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 288, 187, 10.1130/SPE288-p187
Venkatesan, 1993, Did Deccan volcanism predate the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 119, 181, 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90015-2
Venkatesan, 1997, 40Ar–39Ar age of Siberian basaltic volcanism, Chem. Geol., 138, 303, 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00006-5
Visscher, 1996, The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 93, 2155, 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2155
Vogt, 1972, Evidence for global synchronism in mantle plume convection and possible significance for geology, Nature, 240, 338, 10.1038/240338a0
Vogt, 1989, Volcanogenic upwelling of anoxic, nutrient-rich water: a possible factor in carbonate-bank/reef demise and benthic faunal extinctions?, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 101, 1225, 10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1225:VUOANR>2.3.CO;2
Wang, 1994, Permian–Triassic extinction: organic δ13C evidence from British Columbia, Canada, Geology, 22, 580, 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0580:PTEOCE>2.3.CO;2
Weems, 1997, Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 109, 195, 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0195:SAROGW>2.3.CO;2
Westphal, 1998, Magentostratigraphy of the lower Triassic volcanics from deep drill SG6 in western Siberia: evidence for long-lasting Permo–Triassic volcanic activity, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 254, 10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00557.x
White, 1993, Melt production rates in mantle plumes, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A342, 137, 10.1098/rsta.1993.0010
White, 1997, Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary record, Nature, 387, 888, 10.1038/43151
White, 1989, Magmatism at rift zones: the generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7685, 10.1029/JB094iB06p07685
Widdowson, 1997, The geochemistry of Indian bole horizons: palaeoenvironmental implications of Deccan intravolcanic palaeosurfaces, vol. 120, 269
Widdowson, 2000, A post K–T boundary (Early Palaeocene) age for the Deccan-type feeder dykes, Goa, India, J. Pet., 41, 1177, 10.1093/petrology/41.7.1177
Wignall, 1994, Black shales
Wignall, 1992, Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic extinction: facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 93, 21, 10.1016/0031-0182(92)90182-5
Wignall, 1993, Griesbachian (earliest Triassic) palaeoenvironmental changes in the Salt Range, Pakistan and southwest China and their bearing on the Permo–Triassic mass extinction, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 102, 215, 10.1016/0031-0182(93)90068-T
Wignall, 1996, Facies change and the end-Permian mass extinction in S.E. Sichuan, China, Palaios, 11, 587, 10.2307/3515193
Wignall, 1996, Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction, Science, 272, 1155, 10.1126/science.272.5265.1155
Wignall, 1995, Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Permian/Triassic boundary at Shangsi (N. Sichuan, China), Hist. Biol., 10, 175, 10.1080/10292389509380519
Wignall, 1996, The timing of palaeoenvironmental changes at the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary using conodont biostratigraphy, Hist. Biol., 12, 39, 10.1080/08912969609386553
Wignall, 1998, The Permo–Triassic transition in Spitsbergen: δ13Corg. chemostratigraphy, Fe and S geochemistry, facies, fauna and trace fossils, Geol. Mag., 135, 47, 10.1017/S0016756897008121
Wilson, 1996, Magmatism and the geodynamics of rifting of the Pripyat–Dnieper Donets rift, East European Platform, Tectonophysics, 268, 65, 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00234-X
Woods, 1993, A model of plumes above basaltic fissure eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1115, 10.1029/93GL01215
Xu, 1993, Carbon isotope and iridium event markers near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province, China, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 104, 171, 10.1016/0031-0182(93)90128-6
Yin, 1992, The effects of volcanism on the Permo–Triassic mass extinction in South China, 146
Zielinski, 1996, Potential atmospheric impact of the Toba mega-eruption ∼71000 years ago, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 837, 10.1029/96GL00706
Zolotukhin, 1988, Traps of the Siberian platform, 273