Landscape fragmentation associated with the Qingzang Highway and its influencing factors—A comparison study on road sections and buffers

Anděl, 2010, Landscape fragmentation caused by traffic in the Czech Republic: Evolution from the year 1980 and the prognosis till 2040, 651 Andrews, 1990, Fragmentation of habitat by roads and utility corridors: A review, Aust. Zool., 26, 130, 10.7882/AZ.1990.005 Ascensão, 2019, Prioritizing road defragmentation using graph-based tools, Landsc. Urban Plan., 192, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103653 Cai, 2013, Using kernel density estimation to assess the spatial pattern of road density and its impact on landscape fragmentation, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 27, 222, 10.1080/13658816.2012.663918 Chen, 2003, Impact of road construction on vegetation alongside Qinghai-Xizang Highway and Rrailway, Chin. Geogr. Sci., 13, 340, 10.1007/s11769-003-0040-5 Cheng, 2019, Characteristic, changes and impacts of permafrost on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chin. Sci. Bull., 64, 2783, 10.1360/TB-2019-0191 Ding, 2019 Forman, 1998, Roads and their major ecological effects, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 207, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207 Free, 1975, Beneficial insects present on a motorway verge, Biol. Conserv., 8, 61, 10.1016/0006-3207(75)90079-8 Fu, 2020, Promoting geography for sustainability, Geogr. Sustain., 1, 1, 10.1016/j.geosus.2020.02.003 Fu, 1996, Landscape diversity types and their ecological significance, Acta Geogr. Sin., 29, 454 Gao, 2019, Spatial fairness and changes in transport infrastructure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area from 1976 to 2016, Sustainability, 11, 589, 10.3390/su11030589 Hawbaker, 2005, Road density and landscape pattern in relation to housing density, and ownership, land cover, and soils, Landsc. Ecol., 20, 609, 10.1007/s10980-004-5647-0 Jaeger, 2006, Time series of landscape fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure and urban development: A case study from Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, Ecol. Soc., 12, 10.5751/ES-01983-120122 Kang, 2008, Impact assessment the effect of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on ecological environment, Mod. Agric. Sci., 15, 41 Karlson, 2015, A spatial ecological assessment of fragmentation and disturbance effects of the Swedish road network, Landsc. Urban Plan., 134, 53, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.009 Li, 2005, Road construction and landscape fragmentation in China, J. Geogr. Sci., 15, 125, 10.1007/BF02873115 Li, 2010, Fragmentation of China's landscape by roads and urban areas, Landsc. Ecol., 25, 839, 10.1007/s10980-010-9461-6 Li, 2008, Cryospheric Change in China, Glob. Planet. Change, 63, 210, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.02.001 Liang, 2020, GDP spatialization in Ningbo City based on NPP/VIIRS night-time light and auxiliary data using random forest regression, Adv. Space Res., 65, 481, 10.1016/j.asr.2019.09.035 Liang, 2014, Road impacts on spatial patterns of land use and landscape fragmentation in three parallel rivers region, Yunnan Province, China, Chin. Geogr. Sci., 24, 15, 10.1007/s11769-014-0652-y Liu, 2018, Spatio-temporal evolution of population and urbanization in the countries along the Belt and Road 1950–2050, J. Geogr. Sci., 28, 919, 10.1007/s11442-018-1513-x Liu, 2020, Coupled human and natural cube: a novel framework for analyzing the multiple interactions between humans and nature, J. Geogr. Sci., 30, 355, 10.1007/s11442-020-1732-9 Liu, 2014, Forest fragmentation and landscape connectivity change associated with road network extension and city expansion: A case study in the Lancang River Valley, Ecol. Indic., 36, 160, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.018 Liu, 2015, Road centrality and landscape spatial patterns in Wuhan Metropolitan area, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci., 25, 511, 10.1007/s11769-015-0749-y Luo, 2012, Degradation of permafrost and cold-environments on the interior and eastern Qinghai Plateau, J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 34, 538 Mehdipour, 2019, Road-induced fragmentation and the environmental value of roadless areas in a partly protected landscape in central Iran, Environ. Monit. Assess., 191, 461, 10.1007/s10661-019-7571-4 Miao, 2020, Research progress of transportation facilities construction and their impact assessment in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Adv. Earth Sci., 35, 308 Miller, 1996, Forest roads and landscape structure in the southern Rocky Mountains, Landsc. Ecol., 11, 115, 10.1007/BF02093743 Oxley, 1974, The effects of roads on populations of small mammals, J. Appl. Ecol., 11, 51, 10.2307/2402004 Ran, 2012, Distribution of Permafrost in China – An Overview of Existing Permafrost Maps, Permafr. Periglac. Process, 23, 322, 10.1002/ppp.1756 Reed, 2010, Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the rocky mountains, Conserv. Biol., 10, 1098, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041098.x Saunders, 2002, Effects of roads on landscape structure within nested ecological units of the Northern Great Lakes Region, USA, Biol. Conserv., 103, 209, 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00130-6 Serrano, 2002, Landscape fragmentation caused by the transport network in Navarra (Spain): Two-scale analysis and landscape integration assessment, Landsc. Urban Plan., 58, 113, 10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00214-6 Shen, 2004, Study on the impact of Qinghai Tibet Railway Construction on the alpine ecosystem along the line and the restoration prediction method, Chin. Sci. Bull., 49, 909 Trombulak, 2000, Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities, Conserv. Biol., 14, 18, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99084.x Wang, 2015, Effect of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway on vegetation abundance, Int. J. Remote Sens., 36, 1 Wang, 2008, Effects of permafrost thawing on vegetation and soil carbon pool losses on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, Geoderma, 143, 143 Wang, 2011, Climate changes and its impact on tundra ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, Clim. Change, 463, 10.1007/s10584-010-9952-0 Wang, 2010, Geographical detectors-based health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study of the Heshun region, China, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 24, 107, 10.1080/13658810802443457 Xie, 2016, Impacts of major vehicular roads on urban landscape and urban growth in an arid region: A case study of Jiuquan city in Gansu Province, China, J. Arid. Environ., 127, 235, 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.12.002 Yin, 2007, Effects of Qinghai-Tibetan highway on the activities of Pantholops hodgsoni, Procapra picticaudata and Equus kiang, Chin. J. Ecol., 26, 810 Zhang, 2012, The effects of the Qinghai–Tibet railway on heavy metals enrichment in soils, Sci. Total Environ., 439, 240, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.027 Zhang, 2002, Impact of Qinghai-Xizang Highway on land use and landscape pattern change: From Golmud to Tanggulashan Pass, Acta Geogr. Sinica., 57, 253