Land use scenarios for England and Wales: evaluation of management options to support ‘good ecological status’ in surface freshwaters

Soil Use and Management - Tập 23 Số s1 - Trang 176-194 - 2007
Penny J Johnes1, R. H. Foy2, D. A. Butterfield1, P. M. Haygarth3
1Aquatic Environments Research Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
2AESD, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
3Cross-Institute Programme for Sustainable Soil Function (SoilCIP), Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK

Tóm tắt

AbstractThis paper analyses historic records of agricultural land use and management for England and Wales from 1931 and 1991 and uses export coefficient modelling to hindcast the impact of these practices on the rates of diffuse nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export to water bodies for each of the major geoclimatic regions of England and Wales. Key trends indicate the importance of animal agriculture as a contributor to the total diffuse agricultural nutrient loading on waters, and the need to bring these sources under control if conditions suitable for sustaining ‘Good Ecological Status’ under the Water Framework Directive are to be generated. The analysis highlights the importance of measuring changes in nutrient loading in relation to the catchment‐specific baseline state for different water bodies. The approach is also used to forecast the likely impact of broad regional scale scenarios on nutrient export to waters and highlights the need to take sensitive land out of production, introduce ceilings on fertilizer use and stocking densities, and controls on agricultural practice in higher risk areas where intensive agriculture is combined with a low intrinsic nutrient retention capacity, although the uncertainties associated with the modelling applied at this scale should be taken into account in the interpretation of model output. The paper advocates the need for a two‐tiered approach to nutrient management, combining broad regional policies with targeted management in high risk areas at the catchment and farm scale.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01428.x

CAST, 2002, Animal diet modification to decrease the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution

10.1023/A:1003784504005

10.1007/BF00026813

10.2134/jeq2002.2058

10.2136/sssaj2002.2840

10.1016/0043-1354(92)90238-Y

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2007.00111.x

Foy R.H., 1996, Disturbance and recovery in ecological systems, 136

Foy R., 2002, Mineral balances for the use of phosphorus and other nutrients by agriculture in Northern Ireland from 1925 to 2000 – methodology trends and impacts of losses to water, Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 41, 247

10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1213

10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60428-9

10.1079/9780851995458.0000

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.001

10.4319/lo.1988.33.4part2.0796

10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01375.x

10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01415.x

10.1016/0022-1694(95)02951-6

10.1023/A:1017002914903

Johnes P.J., 2000, Quantifying the non‐point source contribution to nutrient loading on freshwaters in 32 UK catchments, Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 27, 1306

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.006

10.1023/A:1015721416839

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970315)11:3<269::AID-HYP442>3.0.CO;2-K

10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00637.x

10.1046/j.1365-2427.1996.00099.x

Johnes P.J., 1998, Trial classification of lake water quality in England and Wales: a proposed approach

Johnes P.J., 1998, Trial Classification of Lake Water Quality in England and Wales: a proposed approach

10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01194.x

10.5194/hess-9-685-2005

10.5194/hess-11-372-2007

10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01430.x

10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00962.x

McDowell R.M., 2002, Agriculture Hydrology and Water Quality, 417

10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00317-0

10.1139/cjfas-57-4-844

10.1111/j.1469-185X.1996.tb00750.x

OECD, 1982, Eutrophication of waters monitoring assessment and control

10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(1998110)8:6<773::AID-AQC313>3.0.CO;2-R

10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.102

Schindler D.W., 1975, Whole‐lake eutrophication experiments with phosphorus nitrogen and carbon, Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 19, 3221

10.1007/978-1-4612-1724-4_2

10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010005x

10.1007/BF02505178

10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00927-5

Willander A., 2001, Recovery from eutrophication: experiences of reduced phosphorus input to the four largest lakes of Sweden, Ambio, 30, 475, 10.1579/0044-7447-30.8.475

10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00638.x

10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010021x

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00020.x

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Soil Use and Management

Tập 23 Số s1

176-194

Thông tin tác giả