Lamivudine
Tóm tắt
▲ Lamivudine, the negative enantiomer of 2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine, is a dideoxynucleoside analog that prevents hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA synthesis by competitively inhibiting the viral reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase stages of HBV replication and by terminating proviral DNA chain extension. ▲ A dose-ranging study established that once daily oral lamivudine 3 mg/kg up to a maximum of 100 mg/day has the optimum efficacy and tolerability profile for achieving a maximal reduction in serum HBV DNA levels in children aged 2 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with chronic HBV infection and active viral replication (chronic hepatitis B). ▲ Significantly more children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis B receiving lamivudine demonstrated a virologic response (undetectable serum hepatitis Be antigen and undetectable HBV DNA level) [23 vs 13%; p=0.04] and/or biochemical response (55 vs 12%; p < 0.001) compared with placebo in a large, randomized, doubleblind, 52-week phase III study. Despite the emergence of YMDD-variant HBV in 19% of lamivudine-treated children and adolescents, serum alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA levels remained below baseline in these patients. ▲ Oral lamivudine is generally well tolerated by children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis B, with a similar tolerability profile to placebo at the recommended once daily dosage of 3 mg/kg up to a maximum of 100 mg/day.
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