Lactate up-regulates the expression of PD-L1 in kidney and causes immunosuppression in septic Acute Renal Injury

Fleischmann, 2016, Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 193, 259, 10.1164/rccm.201504-0781OC Mandelbaum, 2011, Outcome of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, Crit Care Med, 39, 2659, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182281f1b Bagshaw, 2009, Acute kidney injury in septic shock: clinical outcomes and impact of duration of hypotension prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy, Intensive Care Med, 35, 871, 10.1007/s00134-008-1367-2 Hoste, 2015, Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study, Intensive Care Med, 41, 1411, 10.1007/s00134-015-3934-7 Gómez, 2016, Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, Curr Opin Crit Care, 22, 546, 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000356 Pardoll, 2012, The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy, Nat Rev Cancer, 12, 252, 10.1038/nrc3239 Pardoll, 2015, Cancer and the immune system: basic concepts and targets for intervention, Semin Oncol, 424, 523, 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.003 Valedkarimi, 2017, Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins for improving efficacy and safety of cancer therapy, Biomed Pharmacother, 95, 731, 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.160 Stanley, 2006, Human papillomavirus vaccines, Rev Med Virol, 16, 139, 10.1002/rmv.498 Nishimura, 1999, Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor, Immunity, 11, 141, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80089-8 Poschke, 2011, Camouflage and sabotage: tumor escape from the immune system. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 60, 1161 Boomer, 2011, Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure, J Am Med Assoc, 306, 2594, 10.1001/jama.2011.1829 Patil, 2016, Immunotherapy: a promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression, Pharmacol Res, 111, 688, 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.019 Boomer, 2014, The changing immune system in sepsis: is individualized immuno-modulatory therapy the answer?, Virulence, 5, 45, 10.4161/viru.26516 Patil, 2014, Inactivation of renal mitochondrial respiratory complexes and manganese superoxide dismutase during sepsis: mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitigates injury, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 306, F734, 10.1152/ajprenal.00643.2013 Salama, 2003, Critical role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway in regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, J Exp Med, 198, 71, 10.1084/jem.20022119 Dong, 2004, B7–H1 determines accumulation and deletion of intrahepatic CD8(+) T lymphocytes, Immunity, 20, 327, 10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00050-0 Rodig, 2003, Endothelial expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 down-regulates CD8+ T cell activation and cytolysis, Eur J Immunol, 33, 3117, 10.1002/eji.200324270 Youngnak-Piboonratanakit, 2004, The expression of B7–H1 on keratinocytes in chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease and its regulatory role, Immunol Lett, 94, 215, 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.05.007 Youngnak-Piboonratanakit, 2006, Expression and regulation of human CD275 on endothelial cells in healthy and inflamed mucosal tissues, Scand J Immunol, 63, 191, 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01726.x Liang, 2003, Regulation of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 expression during normal and autoimmune responses, Eur J Immunol, 33, 2706, 10.1002/eji.200324228 Nakazawa, 2004, The expression and function of costimulatory molecules B7H and B7–H1 on colonic epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 126, 1347, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.02.004 Feng, 2017, Tumor cell-derived lactate induces TAZ-dependent upregulation of PD-L1 through GPR81 in human lung cancer cells, Oncogene, 36, 5829, 10.1038/onc.2017.188 Huang, 2017, PD-L1 and LDHA act as ceRNAs in triple negative breast cancer by regulating miR-34a, J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 36, 129, 10.1186/s13046-017-0593-2 Seymour, 2016, Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the third International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), J Am Med Assoc, 315, 762, 10.1001/jama.2016.0288 Haas, 2015, Lactate regulates metabolic and pro-inflammatory circuits in control of T cell migration and effector functions, PLoS Biol, 13, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002202 Guignant, 2011, Programmed death-1 levels correlate with increased mortality, nosocomial infection and immune dysfunctions in septic shock patients, Crit Care, 15, R99, 10.1186/cc10112 Fukuzuka, 2000, Glucocorticoid-induced, caspase dependent organ apoptosis early after burn injury, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 278, R1005, 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.R1005 Daneshmandi, 2019, Blockade of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) improves efficacy of anti-programmed CellDeath-1 (PD-1) therapy in Melanoma, Cancers, 11, E450, 10.3390/cancers11040450 Seth, 2017, Deletion of lactate dehydrogenase-A in Myeloid cells triggers antitumor immunity, Cancer Res, 77, 3632, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2938 Patera, 2016, Frontline Science: defects in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1, J Leukoc Biol, 100, 1239, 10.1189/jlb.4HI0616-255R Zhu, 2013, PD-L1 blockade attenuated sepsis-induced liver injury in a mouse cecal ligation and puncture model, Mediat Inflamm, 2013, 361501, 10.1155/2013/361501