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Đánh giá phòng thí nghiệm và di truyền của bệnh Gaucher
Tóm tắt
Bệnh Gaucher (GD) là một rối loạn tích lũy lysosome di truyền do sự thiếu hụt glucocerebrosidase. Việc chẩn đoán GD có thể được nghi ngờ dựa trên các triệu chứng lâm sàng và được xác nhận thông qua phân tích glucocerebrosidase trong các tế bào bạch cầu toàn phần, tế bào đơn nhân, tế bào xơ và máu khô trên giấy lọc. Các hoạt động enzyme thấp nên được theo dõi bằng cách phân tích di truyền của gen GBA. Mặc dù không có mối tương quan rõ ràng giữa kiểu gen - kiểu hình, sự hiện diện của p.N370S bảo vệ khỏi tổn thương thần kinh trong khi đồng hợp tử p.L444P chủ yếu dẫn đến dạng neuronopathic của GD. Sự tích lũy glucosylceramide tiến triển trong tế bào đơn nhân và đại thực bào dẫn đến mức độ tăng cao của chitotriosidase và CCL18/PARC, có thể được sử dụng như là biomarker để đánh giá mức độ nghiêm trọng của bệnh và hiệu quả của điều trị. Hoạt động chitotriosidase không thể được phân tích ở ít nhất 6% bệnh nhân GD do đột biến null trong gen tương ứng.
Từ khóa
#bệnh Gaucher #rối loạn tích lũy lysosome #glucocerebrosidase #di truyền #biomarkerTài liệu tham khảo
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