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Rác thải nhựa trong bối cảnh của các Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững (SDGs)
Tóm tắt
Việc đối phó với các thách thức toàn cầu trong lĩnh vực rác thải nhựa đã thu hút được sự chú ý ngày càng nhiều trong những năm gần đây, đặc biệt là trong bối cảnh của các Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững (SDGs) của Liên Hợp Quốc (UN). Rác thải nhựa đã trở thành một phần không thể thiếu trong các cuộc thảo luận về phát triển bền vững và tác động trực tiếp đến nhiều SDGs. Trong nhiều nghiên cứu, các SDG 6 (Nước sạch và Cơ sở vệ sinh), SDG 7 (Năng lượng sạch và giá cả phải chăng), SDG 11 (Thành phố và cộng đồng bền vững), SDG 12 (Mô hình tiêu dùng và sản xuất bền vững) và SDG 14 (Sự sống dưới nước) thường được đề cập. Ngành công nghiệp nhựa (bao gồm cả quản lý rác thải) là một khu vực kinh tế quan trọng; đồng thời, những thiệt hại môi trường khổng lồ cũng gây ra tổn thất kinh tế. Chẳng hạn, tác động của rác thải nhựa đã làm suy giảm nghiêm trọng các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và dưới nước. Việc ô nhiễm rác nhựa (nhựa vĩ mô), phát thải vi nhựa và nano nhựa gây ra những tác động tiêu cực đến sức khỏe con người (vi nhựa đã được phát hiện trong máu người) cũng như động vật, trong khi vẫn còn nhiều nghiên cứu cần được thực hiện. Ngoài ra, sự sản xuất nhựa cũng góp phần vào biến đổi khí hậu. Một hệ thống thu gom rác thải nhựa hợp lý (phân loại) và quản lý nhựa bền vững, chẳng hạn như giảm tiêu thụ nhựa nhằm giảm khối lượng sản xuất và phát thải nhựa từ các dòng quy trình, tái chế và xử lý rác thải có thể đóng góp tích cực vào việc đạt được các mục tiêu SDG.
Từ khóa
#Rác thải nhựa #Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững #Biến đổi khí hậu #Tái chế #Hệ sinh tháiTài liệu tham khảo
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