Kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành về các khuyến nghị của Viện Y học (IOM) năm 2009 về quản lý dinh dưỡng đối với bệnh tiểu đường trong thai kỳ: một cuộc khảo sát quốc gia trực tuyến

Acta Diabetologica - Tập 59 - Trang 1597-1607 - 2022
Gloria Formoso1,2, Cristina Bianchi1,3, Silvia Burlina1,4, Elisa Manicardi1,5, Maria Angela Sculli1,6, Veronica Resi1,7, Laura Sciacca1,8
1Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
2Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, Ex CeSIMet) G. d’Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
3Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
4Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
5Diabetes Unit, Primary Health Care, Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
6Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
7Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
8Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

Tóm tắt

Theo khuyến nghị của Viện Y học (IOM), các chuyên gia y tế nên khuyến khích dinh dưỡng hợp lý và tăng cân đầy đủ trong thai kỳ nhằm đảm bảo kết quả thai kỳ và thai nhi thuận lợi, đồng thời ngăn ngừa bệnh tật cho cả mẹ và trẻ sau này. Mục đích của khảo sát trực tuyến này là xác định kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành về các khuyến nghị của IOM năm 2009 trong số các chuyên gia y tế quản lý liệu pháp dinh dưỡng cho những thai kỳ có biến chứng do tiểu đường tại Italy. Một khảo sát cắt ngang đã được thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng bảng hỏi tự quản trực tuyến diễn ra từ tháng 10 đến tháng 12 năm 2021. Trong số 220 người tham gia, 89% là các chuyên gia tiểu đường/nội tiết học/đặc biệt về nội khoa và 11% là các chuyên gia dinh dưỡng/nha sĩ. Khảo sát cho thấy 53% người trả lời cung cấp chế độ ăn uống cá nhân hóa cho phụ nữ mang thai mắc tiểu đường, trong khi 32% áp dụng kế hoạch chế độ ăn chuẩn và chỉ 15% đưa ra lời khuyên dinh dưỡng lành mạnh. 69% người tham gia đã khảo sát về tăng cân thai kỳ phù hợp, chủ yếu dựa trên chỉ số BMI trước khi mang thai (96%), tăng cân thai kỳ (GWG) tại lần đi khám thai lần đầu (80%) và sự hiện diện của thai đôi (58%). Tăng cân của mẹ đã được đánh giá tại mỗi lần khám thai định kỳ và so sánh với các khuyến nghị của IOM đối với 87% các chuyên gia y tế. Kế hoạch chế độ ăn uống đã được đánh giá lại và/hoặc điều chỉnh định kỳ (90% người tham gia), dựa trên việc tăng cân mẹ không đủ và/hoặc sự bất thường trong sự phát triển của thai nhi (78%), sự chuyển tiếp giữa các tam cá nguyệt (53%), thay đổi trong hoạt động thể chất và/hoặc cảm giác "đói" (50%). Khảo sát này đã báo cáo về kiến thức và thái độ đối với các hướng dẫn của IOM cũng như kiến thức và thực hành dinh dưỡng của các chuyên gia Italy về quản lý dinh dưỡng cho bệnh tiểu đường trong thai kỳ. Việc áp dụng những khuyến nghị này dường như thực tế hơn ở các phòng khám/nhóm chuyên về "Tiểu đường trong thai kỳ".

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

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