Jeugdtrauma als voorspeller van verandering tijdens partnerrelatie- en gezinstherapie: een onderzoek naar behandelrespons
Tóm tắt
Het doel van dit onderzoek was na te gaan of mensen met een verleden van kindermishandeling vergeleken met mensen zonder dergelijke ervaringen anders reageren op partnerrelatie- en gezinstherapie. De steekproef bestond uit 36 koppels en negen individuele deelnemers (N = 81). Van deze deelnemers vertelde 30,3% dat ze als kind lichamelijke mishandeling en/of seksueel misbruik hadden meegemaakt. Alle deelnemers aan dit onderzoek volgden een zes tot twaalf weken durende residentiële behandeling met partnerrelatie- en gezinstherapie in een gespecialiseerd behandelinstituut in Noorwegen. De t-toetsen leverden significante verbeteringen op, van opname tot aan ontslag, van de deelnemers op meetinstrumenten voor symptomen van angst en depressie en op relatietevredenheid en gezinsfunctioneren (met effectgroottes variërend van 0,31 tot 0,92). Uit de gemengde-modellenanalyses bleek dat degenen met een verleden van jeugdtrauma vergeleken met mensen zonder dergelijke ervaringen tijdens de intake ernstigere symptomen van angst en depressie hadden. Verder gaven de gemengde-modellenanalyses aan dat degenen die kindermishandeling hadden meegemaakt minder goed op de behandeling reageerden als het ging om hun gezinsfunctioneren, afgaand op de wekelijkse metingen. De generaliseerbaarheid van dit onderzoek is beperkt vanwege de relatief geringe omvang van de steekproef, die bovendien afkomstig was uit een psychiatrische populatie. Desondanks impliceren deze bevindingen dat partnerrelatie- en gezinstherapie een geschikte behandeling is voor de individuele symptomen van zowel mensen die als kind een trauma hebben meegemaakt als voor degenen voor wie dat niet geldt. Hopelijk zijn deze resultaten een motivatie voor toekomstig onderzoek over de impact van trauma op therapeutische processen en uitkomsten, zodat behandelingen hier beter aan kunnen worden aangepast.
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