Itaconic Acid Grafted Starch Hydrogels as Metal Remover: Capacity, Selectivity and Adsorption Kinetics

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Tập 24 - Trang 343-355 - 2016
Diana Soto1, José Urdaneta1, Kelly Pernia1, Orietta León1, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla2, Marta Fernández-García2
1Laboratorio de Polímeros y Reacciones, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
2Departamento de Química y Propiedades de Materiales Poliméricos, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Tóm tắt

Hydrogels were synthesized by free radical graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) onto corn starch (S-g-IA). For this purpose, potassium permanganate (KMnO4)-sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) was used as redox initiation system. The formation of grafted starches was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of monomer concentration, neutralization, addition of crosslinking agent, N,N-bismetilenacrilamide (MBAm), and initiator concentration on grafting efficiency and adsorption capacity of the starch hydrogels was investigated. It was demonstrated that the introduction of carboxyl and carbonyl groups promoted starch hydration and swelling. Grafting degree increased with the decrease of monomer concentration, increase of initiator concentration, grade of neutralization and the addition of MBAm without neutralization. Remarkably the resulting materials exhibited water absorption capacities between 258 and 1878% and the ability to adsorb metal ions. It was experimentally confirmed the metal uptake, obtaining the higher adsorption capacity (q e  = 35 mg/g) for the product prepared with the pre-oxidation and lower initiator concentration. The removal capacity order was Pb2+>Ni2+>Zn2+>Cd2+. Moreover, the experimental kinetic and the equilibrium adsorption data for Ni2+ and Pb2+ were best fitted to the pseudo-second order and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. This work describes for the first time the preparation of metal removal hydrogels based on starch and itaconic acid using the pair redox system KMnO4/NaHSO3, which avoids the starch hydrolysis and allows itaconic acid grafting incorporation without the requirement of more reactive comonomers.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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