Isolation Stress During the Prepubertal Period in Rats Induces Long-Lasting Neurochemical Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex

Neurochemical Research - Tập 37 - Trang 1063-1073 - 2012
R. Krolow1, C. Noschang1, S. N. Weis1, L. F. Pettenuzzo1, A. P. Huffell1, D. M. Arcego1, M. Marcolin1, C. S. Mota1, J. Kolling1, E. B. S. Scherer1, A. T. S. Wyse1, C. Dalmaz1
1Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Social isolation during postnatal development leads to behavioral and neurochemical changes, and a particular susceptibility of the prefrontal cortex to interventions during this period has been suggested. In addition, some studies showed that consumption of a palatable diet reduces some of the stress effects. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the effect of isolation stress in early life on some parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism (Na+,K+-ATPase activity, respiratory chain enzymes activities and mitochondrial mass and potential) in prefrontal cortex of juvenile and adult male rats. We also verified if the consumption of a palatable diet during the prepubertal period would reduce stress effects. The results showed that, in juvenile animals, isolation stress increased superoxide dismutase and Complex IV activities and these effects were still observed in the adulthood. An interaction between stress and diet was observed in catalase activity in juveniles, while only the stress effect was detected in adults, reducing catalase activity. Access to a palatable diet increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in juveniles, an effect that was reversed after removing this diet. On the other hand, isolation stress induced a decreased activity of this enzyme in adulthood. No effects were observed on glutathione peroxidase, total thiols and free radicals production, as well as on mitochondrial mass and potential. In conclusion, isolation stress in the prepubertal period leads to long-lasting changes on antioxidant enzymes and energetic metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of male rats, and a palatable diet was not able to reverse these stress-induced effects.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Kvetnansky R, Pacak K, Fukuhara K et al (1995) Sympathoadrenal system in stress. Interaction with the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 771:131–158 Weiss IC, Pryce CR, Jongen-Relo AL et al (2004) Effect of social isolation on stress-related behavioural and neuroendocrine state in the rat. Behav Bran Res 152:279–295 Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L et al (2004) Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:8174–8179 Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Varlinskaya EI, Spear LP (2009) Social and non-social anxiety in adolescent and adult rats after repeated restraint. Physiol Behav 97:484–494 Serra M, Pisu MG, Littera M, Papi G, Sanna E, Tuveri F, Usala L, Purdy RH, Biggio G (2000) Social isolation-induced decreases in both the abundance of neuroactive steroids and GABA(A) receptor function in rat brain. J Neurochem 75:732–740 Serra M, Pisu MG, Floris I, Biggio G (2005) Social isolation-induced changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the rat. Stress 8:259–264 Weiss IC, Pryce CR, Jongen-Rêlo AL, Nanz-Bahr NI, Feldon J (2004) Effect of social isolation on stress-related behavioural and neuroendocrine state in the rat. Behav Brain Res 152:279–295 Ferdman N, Murmu RP, Bock J et al (2007) Weaning age, social isolation, and gender, interact to determine adult explorative and social behavior, and dendritic and spine morphology in prefrontal cortex of rats. Behav Brain Res 180:174–182 Mc Cormick CM, Mathews IZ (2007) HPA function in adolescence: role of sex hormones in its regulation and the enduring consequences of exposure to stressors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 86:220–233 Paus T, Keshavan M, Giedd JN (2008) Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nat Rev Neurosci 9:947–957 Pecoraro N, Gomez F, Dallman MF (2005) Glucocorticoids dose-dependently remodel energy stores and amplify incentive relativity effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:815–825 Epel E, Lapidus R, McEwen B, Brownell K (2001) Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26:37–49 Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z et al (2006) Food selection changes under stress. Physiol Behav 87:789–793 Adam TC, Epel ES (2007) Stress, eating and the reward system. Physiol Behav 91:449–458 Pecoraro N, Reyes F, Gomez F (2004) Chronic stress promotes palatable feeding, which reduces signs of stress. Feedforward and feedback effects of chronic stress. Endocrinology 145:3754–3762 Manoli I, Alesci S, Blackman MR et al (2007) Mitochondria as key components of the stress response. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 18:190–198 Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM (2000) Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000. A historical look to the future. Ann N Y Acad Sci 899:136–147 Kovacheva-Ivanova S, Bakalova R, Ribavov SR (1994) Immobilization stress enhances lipid peroxidation in the rat lungs. Materials and methods. Gen Physiol Biophys 13:469–482 Oishi K, Yokoi M, Maekawa S et al (1999) Oxidative stress and haematological changes in immobilized rats. Acta Physiol Scand 165:65–69 Radak Z, Sasvari M, Nyakas C et al (2001) Single bout of exercise eliminates the immobilization-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurochem Int 39:33–38 Mitra R, Vyas A, Chatterjee G et al (2005) Chronic stress induced modulation of different states of anxiety like behaviour in female rats. Neurosci Lett 383:278–283 Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Dugan LL, Giffard RG (1997) Vulnerability to glucose deprivation injury correlates with glutathione levels in astrocytes. Brain Res 748:151–156 Kroemer G (1997) The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nat Med 3:614–620 Lees GJ (1993) Contributory mechanisms in the causation of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroscience 54:287–322 Tagliari B, Noschang CG, Ferreira AG et al (2010) Chronic variable stress impairs energy metabolism in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats: prevention by chronic antioxidant treatment. Metab Brain Dis 2:169–176 Souza CG, Moreira JD, Siqueira IR et al (2007) Highly palatable diet consumption increases protein oxidation in rat frontal cortex and anxiety-like behavior. Life Sci 81:198–203 Douglas L, Varlinskaya E, Spear L (2004) Rewarding properties of social interactions in adolescent and adult male and female rates: impact of social versus isolate housing of subjects and partners. Dev Psychobiol 45:153–162 Delmas-Beauvieux MC, Peuchant E, Dumon MF et al (1995) Relationship between red blood cell antioxidant enzymatic system status and lipoperoxidation during the acute phase of malaria. Clin Biochem 28:163–169 Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126 Wendel A (1981) Glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 77:325–333 Sriram K, Pai KS, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V (1997) Evidence for generation of oxidative stress in brain by MPTP: in vitro and in vivo studies in mice. Brain Res 21:44–52 Aksenov MY, Markesbery WR (2001) Changes in thiol content and expression of glutathione redox system genes in the hippocampus and cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 302:141–145 Wyse ATS, Streck EL, Worm P et al (2000) Preconditioning prevents the inhibition of Na + , K + -ATPase activity after brain ischemia. Neurochem Res 25:971–975 Chan K, Delfert D, Junger K (1986) A direct colorimetric assay for Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity. Anal Biochem 157:375–380 Fischer JC, Ruitenbeek W, Berden JA et al (1985) Differential investigation of the capacity of succinate oxidation in human skeletal muscle. Clin Chim Acta 153:23–36 Rustin P, Chretien D, Bourgeron T et al (1994) Biochemical and molecular investigations in respiratory chain deficiencies. Clin Chim Acta 28:35–51 Schapira AH, Mann VM, Cooper JM (1990) Anatomic and disease specificity of NADH CoQ1 reductase (complex I) deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 55:2142–2145 Pendergrass W, Wolf N, Poot M (2004) Efficacy of MitoTracker Green and CMX rosamine to measure changes in mitochondrial membrane potentials in living cells and tissues. Cytometry 61:162–169 Khanal G, Chung K, Solis-Wever X et al (2011) Ischemia/reperfusion injury of primary porcine cardiomyocytes in a low-shear microfluidic culture and analysis device. Analyst 36:19–26 Rodriguez-Enriquez S, Kai Y, Maldonado E et al (2009) Roles of mitophagy and the mitochondrial permeability transition in remodeling of cultured rat hepatocytes. Autophagy 5:1099–1106 Keij JF, Bell-Prince C, Steinkamp JA (2000) Staining of mitochondrial membranes with 10-nonyl acridine orange, MitoFluor Green, and MitoTracker Green is affected by mitochondrial membrane potential al-tering drugs. Cytometry 39:203–210 Leira F, Vieites JM, Vieytes MR, Botana LM (2001) Apoptotic events induced by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid in normal human lung fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 15:99–208 Kalbacova M, Vrbacky M, Drahota Z, Melkova Z (2003) Comparison of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on mitochondrial membrane potential in two different cell lines using flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry. Cytom A 52:110–116 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275 Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254 De Oliveira MR, Silvestrin RB, Souza TM, Moreira JCF (2007) Oxidative stress in the hippocampus, anxiety-like behavior and decreased locomotory and exploratory activity of adult rats. Effects of sub acute vitamin A supplementation at therapeutic doses. Neurotoxicology 28:1191–1199 Pinho RA, Andrades ME, Oliveira MR et al (2006) Imbalance in SOD/CAT activities in rat skeletal muscles submitted to treadmill training exercise. Cell Biol Int 30:848–858 Halliwell B (2006) Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Where are we now? J Neurochem 97:1634–1658 Ward PA, Till GO (1990) Pathophysiologic events related to thermal injury of skin. J Trauma 30:S75–S79 Kovacheva-Ivanova S, Bakalova R, Ribavov SR (1994) Immobilization stress enhances lipid peroxidation in the rat lungs. Materials and methods. Gen Physiol Biophys 13:469–482 Madrigal JL, Olivenza R, Moro MA et al (2001) Glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction are induced by chronic stress in rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:420–429 Zhang X, Dong F, Ren J et al (2005) High dietary fat induces NADPH oxidase-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in rat cerebral cortex. Exp Neurol 191:318–325 Krolow R, Noschang CG, Arcego D et al (2010) Consumption of a palatable diet by chronically stressed rats prevents effects on anxiety-like behavior but increases oxidative stress in a sex-specific manner. Appetite 55:108–116 de Vasconcellos AP, Zugno AI, dos Santos AH et al (2005) Na + , K + -ATPase activity is educed in hippocampus of rats submitted to an experimental model of depression: effect of chronic lithium treatment and possible involvement in learning deficits. Neurobiol Learn Mem 84:102–110 Crema L, Schlabitz M, Tagliari B et al (2010) Na+,K+-ATPase activity is reduced in amygdala of rats with chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Neurochem Res 35:1787–1795 Kaplan JH (2002) Biochemistry of Na +,K +-ATPase. Annu Rev Biochem 71:511–535 Dobrota D, Matejovicova M, Kurrela EG, Boldyrev AA (1999) Na +/K +-ATPase under oxidative stress: molecular mechanisms of injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 19:141–149 Streck EL, Zugno AI, Tagliari B et al (2001) Inhibition of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity induced by homocysteine is probably mediated by oxidative stress. Neurochem Res 26:1195–1200 da S Benetti C, Silveira PP, Matté C et al (2010) Effects of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet and its withdrawal, in adulthood, on cerebral Na + , K + -ATPase and plasma S100B in neonatally handled rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 28:153–159 Lenroot RK, Giedd JN (2006) Brain development in children and adolescents: 857insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30:718–729 Paus T (2005) Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during ado- 891 lescence. Trends Cogn Sci 9:60–68 Gassner B, Wuthrich A, Scholtysik G, Solioz M (1997) The pyrethroids permethrin and cyhalothrin are potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex I. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281:855–860 Gruno M, Peet N, Tein A et al (2008) Atrophic gastritis: deficient complex I of the respiratory chain in the mitochondria of corpusmucosal cells. J Gastroenterol 43:780–788 Madrigal JL, Garcia-Bueno B, Caso JR et al (2006) Stress-induced oxidative changes in brain. CNS Neurolog Disord Drugs Targets 5:561–568 Boekema EJ, Braun HP (2007) Supramolecular structure of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. J Biol Chem 282:1–4 Serviddio G, Bellanti F, Giudetti AM, et al. (2011) Mitochondrial oxidative stress and respiratory chain dysfunction account for liver toxicity during amiodarone but not dronedarone administration. Free Radic Biol Med [Epub ahead of print] Rezin GT, Jeremias IC, Ferreira GK et al (2008) Brain energy metabolism is activated after acute and chronic administration of fenproporex in young rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 53:395–400 Tsiriyotis C, Spandidos DA, Sekeris CE (1997) The mitochondrion as a primary site of action of glucocorticoids: mitochondrial nucleotide sequences, showing similarity to hormone response elements, confer dexamethasone inducibility to chimaeric genes transfected in LATK-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235:349–354 Adzic M, Djordjevic A, Demonacos C et al (2009) The role of phosphorylated glucocorticoid receptor in mitochondrial functions and apoptotic signalling in brain tissue of stressed Wistar rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:2181–2188 Liang HL, Ongwijitwat S, Wong-Riley MTT (2006) Bigenomic functional regulation of all 13 cytochrome c oxidase subunit transcripts in rat neurons in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 140:177–190 Demonacos CV, Karayanni N, Hatzoglou E et al (1996) Mitochondrial genes as sites of primary action of steroid hormones. Steroids 61:226–232