Isolated gracilis tendon harvesting is not associated with loss of strength and maintains good functional outcome
Tóm tắt
The gracilis tendon is a commonly used autologous graft. Most information on knee function and outcomes after its harvest is related to both semitendinosus- and gracilis tendon harvest. Therefore this study analyzed the effect of isolated gracilis tendon harvest from healthy, uninjured knees on thigh muscle strength and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Stabilization of the acromioclavicular joint because of chronic instability was performed with autologous gracilis tendon in 12 patients. After a mean of 44 ± 25 months after surgery, isokinetic peak-torque measurements of specific functions of the gracilis muscle were performed: knee flexion in a sitting position (flexion angles 0–90°) and in prone position (flexion angles > 70°), internal tibial rotation and hip adduction. The contralateral limb was control. Knee specific PROMs were collected including IKDC-2000 subjective evaluation form, Lysholm score, the Marx Activity Rating Scale and SF-36 health survey. No significant side-to-side differences were found regarding torque measurements. Excellent results were shown regarding the PROMs, which even in terms of IKDC-2000 (97 vs. 82 points, p = 0.001) exceeded significantly the age- and gender matched reference-data. Isolated gracilis tendon harvesting was not associated with loss of strength in knee flexion, internal tibial rotation and thigh adduction. Additionally, good functional outcome as well as excellent knee-specific subjective outcome was found. III.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Albertoni LJB, Debieux P, Franciozi CEDS, Novaretti JV, Granata GSM, Luzo MVM (2018) Assessment of the regeneration capacity of semitensinosus and gracilis tendons. Acta Ortop Bras 26:379–383
Armour T, Forwell L, Litchfield R, Kirkley A, Amendola N, Fowler PJ (2004) Isokinetic evaluation of internal/external tibial rotation strength after the use of hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32:1639–1643
Bullinger M (1996) Assessment of health related quality of life with the SF-36 health survey. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 35:17–27
Carofino B, Fulkerson J (2005) Medial hamstring tendon regeneration following harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: fact, myth, and clinical implication. Arthroscopy 21:1257–1265
Choi JY, Ha JK, Kim YW, Shim JC, Yang SJ, Kim JG (2012) Relationships among tendon regeneration on MRI, flexor strength, and functional performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft. Am J Sports Med 40:152–162
Coughlin MJ, Matt V, Schenck RC Jr (2002) Augmented lateral ankle reconstruction using a free gracilis graft. Orthopedics 25:31–35
Cross MJ, Roger G, Kujawa P, Anderson IF (1992) Regeneration of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons following their transection for repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med 20:221–223
Draganich LF, Jaeger RJ, Kralj AR (1989) Coactivation of the hamstrings and quadriceps during extension of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:1075–1081
Eriksson K, Hamberg P, Jansson E, Larsson H, Shalabi A, Wredmark T (2001) Semitendinosus muscle in anterior cruciate ligament surgery: morphology and function. Arthroscopy 17:808–817
Gandevia SC (2001) Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81:1725–1789
Hester JI, Falkel JE (1984) lsokinetic evaluation of tibial rotation: assessment of a stabilization technique. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 6:46–51
Hiemstra LA, Gofton WT, Kriellaars DJ (2005) Hip strength following hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med 15:180–182
Ikai M, Steinhaus AH (1961) Some factors modifying the expression of human strength. J Appl Physiol 16:157–163
Irie K, Tomatsu T (2002) Atrophy of semitzendinosus and gracilis and flexor mechanism function after hamstring tendon harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Orthopedics 25:491–495
Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Kurosaka M, Neyret P et al (2001) Development and validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 29:600–613
Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Neyret P, Richmond JC et al (2006) Responsiveness of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form. Am J Sports Med 34:1567–1573
Janssen RP, van der Velden MJ, Pasmans HL, Sala HA (2013) Regeneration of hamstring tendons after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:898–905
Keays SL, Bullock-Saxton J, Keays AC, Newcombe P (2001) Muscle strength and function before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendonosus and gracilis. Knee 8:229–234
Kim JG, Yang SJ, Lee YS, Shim JC, Ra HJ, Choi JY (2011) The effects of hamstring harvesting on outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed patients: a comparative study between hamstring-harvested and -unharvested patients. Arthroscopy 27:1226–1234
Konrath JM, Vertullo CJ, Kennedy BA, Bush HS, Barrett RS, Lloyd DG (2016) Morphologic characteristics and strength of the hamstring muscles remain altered at 2 years after use of a hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 44:2589–2598
Krolikowska A, Czamara A, Kentel M (2015) Does gracilis tendon harvest during ACL reconstruction with a hamstring autograft affect torque of muscles responsible for shin rotation? Med Sci Monit 21:2084–2093
Lipscomb AB, Johnston RK, Snyder RB (1981) The technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 9:77–81
Maffulli N, Spiezia F, Testa V, Capasso G, Longo UG, Denaro V (2012) Free gracilis tendon graft for reconstruction of chronic tears of the Achilles tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:906–910
Makihara Y, Nishino A, Fukubayashi T, Kanamori A (2006) Decrease of knee flexion torque in patients with ACL reconstruction: combined analysis of the architecture and function of the knee flexor muscles. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14:310–317
Marx RG, Stump TJ, Jones EC, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF (2001) Development and evaluation of an activity rating scale for disorders of the knee. Am J Sports Med 29:213–218
Mohtadi NG, Chan DS, Dainty KN, Whelan DB (2011) Patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD005960
Morfeld M, Bullinger M, Nantke J, Brahler E (2005) The version 2.0 of the SF-36 Health Survey: results of a population-representative study. Soz Praventivmed 50:292–300
Nakamura N, Horibe S, Sasaki S, Kitaguchi T, Tagami M, Mitsuoka T et al (2002) Evaluation of active knee flexion and hamstring strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendons. Arthroscopy 18:598–602
Onishi H, Yagi R, Oyama M, Akasaka K, Ihashi K, Handa Y (2002) EMG-angle relationship of the hamstring muscles during maximum knee flexion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 12:399–406
Osternig LR, Bates BT, James SL (1980) Patterns of tibial rotary torque in knees of healthy subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 12:195–199
Petrie A (2006) Statistics in orthopaedic papers. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88B:1121–1136
Risberg MA, Holm I, Tjomsland O, Ljunggren E, Ekeland A (1999) Prospective study of changes in impairments and disabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29:400–412
Scheibel M, Ifesanya A, Pauly S, Haas NP (2008) Arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for chronic acromioclavicular joint instability. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128:1327–1333
Schottle PB, Romero J, Schmeling A, Weiler A (2008) Technical note: anatomical reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using a free gracilis autograft. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128:479–484
Segawa H, Omori G, Koga Y, Kameo T, Iida S, Tanaka M (2002) Rotational muscle strength of the limb after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis tendon. Arthroscopy 18:177–182
Shaw T, Williams MT, Chipchase LS (2005) Do early quadriceps exercises affect the outcome of ACL reconstruction? A randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother 51:9–17
Snyder-Mackler L, Delitto A, Bailey SL, Stralka SW (1995) Strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle and functional recovery after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of electrical stimulation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:1166–1173
Tashiro T, Kurosawa H, Kawakami A, Hikita A, Fukui N (2003) Influence of medial hamstring tendon harvest on knee flexor strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A detailed evaluation with comparison of single- and double-tendon harvest. Am J Sports Med 31:522–529
Tegner Y, Lysholm J (1985) Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res 198:43–49
Thomas AC, Villwock M, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM (2013) Lower extremity muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. J Athl Train 48:610–620
Viola RW, Sterett WI, Newfield D, Steadman JR, Torry MR (2000) Internal and external tibial rotation strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autografts. Am J Sports Med 28:552–555
Williams GN, Snyder-Mackler L, Barrance PJ, Axe MJ, Buchanan TS (2004) Muscle and tendon morphology after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86A:1936–1946
Yasuda K, Tsujino J, Ohkoshi Y, Tanabe Y, Kaneda K (1995) Graft site morbidity with autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Am J Sports Med 23:706–714
Yosmaoglu HB, Baltaci G, Ozer H, Atay A (2011) Effects of additional gracilis tendon harvest on muscle torque, motor coordination, and knee laxity in ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19:1287–1292
Zaccherotti G, Olmastroni M (2015) Muscle strength recovery versus semitendinosus and gracilis tendon regeneration after harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Sports Sci 33:2149–2156