Is muscle co-activation a predisposing factor for low back pain development during standing? A multifactorial approach for early identification of at-risk individuals

Anders, 2005, Activation characteristics of shoulder muscles during maximal and submaximal efforts, Eur J Appl Physiol, 93, 540, 10.1007/s00421-004-1260-9

Andersen, 2007, Risk factors for more severe regional musculoskeletal symptoms, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 56, 1355, 10.1002/art.22513

Brennan, 2006, Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute “nonspecific” low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial, Spine, 31, 623, 10.1097/01.brs.0000202807.72292.a8

Callaghan, 1998, The relationship between lumbar spine load and muscle activity during extensor exercises, Phys Ther, 78, 8, 10.1093/ptj/78.1.8

Childs, 2004, A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study, Ann Int Med, 141, 920, 10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00008

Cook, 2006, The cognitive risk profile for pain: development of a self-report inventory for identifying beliefs and attitudes that interfere with pain management, Clin J Pain, 22, 332, 10.1097/01.ajp.0000209801.78043.91

da Silva, 2005, Back muscle strength and fatigue in healthy and chronic low back pain subjects: a comparative study of 3 assessment protocols, Arch Phys Med Rehab, 86, 722, 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.08.007

Dankaerts, 2004, Reliability of EMG measurements for trunk muscles during maximal and sub-maximal voluntary isometric contractions in healthy controls and CLBP patients, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 14, 333, 10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.07.001

Dankaerts, 2006, Altered patterns of superficial trunk muscle activation during sitting in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients: importance of subclassification, Spine, 31, 2017, 10.1097/01.brs.0000228728.11076.82

Dankaerts, 2007, The use of a mechanism-based classification system to evaluate and direct management of a patient with non-specific chronic low back pain and motor control impairment – a case report, Manual Ther, 12, 181, 10.1016/j.math.2006.05.004

Danneels, 2001, Intra-operator and inter-operator reliability of surface electromyography in the clinical evaluation of back muscles, Manual Ther, 6, 145, 10.1054/math.2001.0396

Dark, 2007, Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns during commonly used rotator cuff exercises: an electromyographic study, Phys Ther, 87, 1039, 10.2522/ptj.20060068

Drake, 2006, Elimination of electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals: an evaluation of currently used removal techniques, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 16, 175, 10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.07.003

Fleischer, 2009, Combined clinical and laboratory testing improves diagnostic accuracy for osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot, The J Foot Ankle Surg, 48, 39, 10.1053/j.jfas.2008.09.003

Folsom, 1986, Test-retest reliability of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, J Chronic Dis, 39, 505, 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90195-5

Fritz, 2001, Examining diagnostic tests: an evidence-based perspective, Phys Ther, 81, 1546, 10.1093/ptj/81.9.1546

Fritz, 2007, Subgrouping patients with low back pain: evolution of a classification approach to physical therapy, J Orthopaedic Sports Phys Ther, 37, 290, 10.2519/jospt.2007.2498

George, 2006, Fear of pain, not pain catastrophizing, predicts acute pain intensity, but neither factor predicts tolerance or blood pressure reactivity: an experimental investigation in pain-free individuals, Eur J Pain, 10, 457, 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.007

George, 2007, Sex and pain-related psychological variables are associated with thermal pain sensitivity for patients with chronic low back pain, The J Pain, 8, 2, 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.05.009

Hagg, 2003, The clinical importance of changes in outcome scores after treatment for low back pain, Eur Spine J, 12, 12, 10.1007/s00586-002-0464-0

Hicks, 2003, Interrater reliability of clinical examination measures for identification of lumbar segmental instability, Arch Phys Med Rehab, 84, 1858, 10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00365-4

Hicks, 2005, Preliminary development of a clinical prediction rule for determining which patients with low back pain will respond to a stabilization exercise program, Arch Phys Med Rehab, 86, 1753, 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.033

Hungerford, 2003, Evidence of altered lumbopelvic muscle recruitment in the presence of sacroiliac joint pain, Spine, 28, 1593, 10.1097/01.BRS.0000076821.41875.1C

Kelly, 1998, Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain?, Acad. Emer. Med, 5, 086, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02667.x

Kim, 1994, The effects of mats on back and leg fatigue, Appl Ergon, 25, 29, 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90028-0

Kroemer, 1997

Lewek, 2004, Control of frontal plane knee laxity during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 12, 745, 10.1016/j.joca.2004.05.005

Macfarlane, 1997, Employment and physical work activities as predictors of future low back pain, Spine, 22, 1143, 10.1097/00007632-199705150-00015

McDonnell, 2005, Effect of human grip strategy on force control in precision tasks, Exp Brain Res, 161, 368, 10.1007/s00221-004-2081-0

McGill, 1999, Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database, Arch Phys Med Rehab, 80, 941, 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90087-4

Mello, 2007, Digital Butterworth filter for subtracting noise from low magnitude surface electromyogram, Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 87, 28, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2007.04.004

Mens, 1999, The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints, Eur Spine J, 8, 468, 10.1007/s005860050206

Mogk, 2003, Crosstalk in surface electromyography of the proximal forearm during gripping tasks, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 13, 63, 10.1016/S1050-6411(02)00071-8

Nelson-Wong, 2008, Gluteus medius muscle activation patterns as a predictor of low back pain during standing, Clin Biomech, 23, 545, 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.01.002

Nelson-Wong, 2009, Application of auto and cross-correlation analysis in human movement and rehabilitation research, J Orthopaedic Sports Phys Ther, 39, 287, 10.2519/jospt.2009.2969

Nelson-Wong ET, Flynn W, et al., Development of active hip abduction as a screening test for identifying occupational low back pain. J Orthopaedic Sports Phys Ther, Submitted for publication.

Ng, 1998, Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 38, 51

Osu, 2002, Short- and long-term changes in joint co-contraction associated with motor learning as revealed from surface EMG, J Neurophysiol, 88, 991, 10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.991

Prince, 1994, Anticipatory control of upper body balance during human locomotion, Gait Posture, 2, 19, 10.1016/0966-6362(94)90013-2

Revill, 1976, The reliability of a linear analogue for evaluating pain, Anaesthesia, 31, 1191, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11971.x

Roelen, 2008, Perceived job demands relate to self-reported health complaints, Occup Med (Lond), 58, 58, 10.1093/occmed/kqm134

Shum, 2005, Effect of low back pain on the kinematics and joint coordination of the lumbar spine and hip during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit, Spine, 30, 1998, 10.1097/01.brs.0000176195.16128.27

Shum, 2005, Symptomatic and asymptomatic movement coordination of the lumbar spine and hip during an everyday activity, Spine, 30, E697, 10.1097/01.brs.0000188255.10759.7a

Summers, 2001, Evidence-based practice Part 2: reliability and validity of selected acute pain instruments, J PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 16, 35, 10.1016/S1089-9472(01)19774-1

Tait, 1997, Development of a brief version of the survey of pain attitudes, Pain, 70, 229, 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)03330-7

van Dieen, 2003, Trunk muscle activation in low-back pain patients, an analysis of the literature, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 13, 333, 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00041-5

Waddell, 2004

Waddell, 1993, A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability, Pain, 52, 157, 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-B

Winter, 2005

Winter, 1997

Zipp, 1982, Recommendations for the standardization of lead positions in surface electromyography, Appl Physiol, 10.1007/BF00952243