IoT Monitoring of Urban Tree Ecosystem Services: Possibilities and Challenges

Forests - Tập 11 Số 7 - Trang 775
Victor Matasov1, Luca Belelli Marchesini1,2, Alexis Yaroslavtsev1,3, Giovanna Sala4,1, Olga S. Fareeva1, Ivan Seregin1,3, Simona Castaldi5,1, Viacheslav Vasenev1, Riccardo Valentini6,7,1
1Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
2Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
3Department of ecology, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya st., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia
4Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
5Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
6CMCC Foundation, via Augusto Imperatore, 16, 73100 Lecce, Italy
7Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S.M. in Gradi n.4, 01100 Viterbo, Italy

Tóm tắt

Urban green infrastructure plays an increasingly significant role in sustainable urban development planning as it provides important regulating and cultural ecosystem services. Monitoring of such dynamic and complex systems requires technological solutions which provide easy data collection, processing, and utilization at affordable costs. To meet these challenges a pilot study was conducted using a network of wireless, low cost, and multiparameter monitoring devices, which operate using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, to provide real-time monitoring of regulatory ecosystem services in the form of meaningful indicators for both human health and environmental policies. The pilot study was set in a green area situated in the center of Moscow, which is exposed to the heat island effect as well as high levels of anthropogenic pressure. Sixteen IoT devices were installed on individual trees to monitor their ecophysiological parameters from 1 July to 31 November 2019 with a time resolution of 1.5 h. These parameters were used as input variables to quantify indicators of ecosystem services related to climate, air quality, and water regulation. Our results showed that the average tree in the study area during the investigated period reduced extreme heat by 2 °C via shading, cooled the surrounding area by transferring 2167 ± 181 KWh of incoming solar energy into latent heat, transpired 137 ± 49 mm of water, sequestered 8.61 ± 1.25 kg of atmospheric carbon, and removed 5.3 ± 0.8 kg of particulate matter (PM10). The values of the monitored processes varied spatially and temporally when considering different tree species (up to five to ten times), local environmental conditions, and seasonal weather. Thus, it is important to use real-time monitoring data to deepen understandings of the processes of urban forests. There is a new opportunity of applying IoT technology not only to measure trees functionality through fluxes of water and carbon, but also to establish a smart urban green infrastructure operational system for management.

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