Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite from a multistage Archaean gold deposit: Sunrise Dam, Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arehart GB, Chryssoulis SL, Kesler SE (1993) Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits: implication for depositional processes. Econ Geol 88:171–185
Ashley PM, Creagh CJ, Ryan CG (2000) Invisible gold in ore and mineral concentrates from the Hillgrove gold-antimony deposits, NSW, Australia. Miner Depos 35:285–301
Bateman R, Hagemann S (2002) Gold mineralisation throughout about 45 Ma of Achaean orogenesis: protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Miner Depos 39:536–559
Brown SM, Groves DI, Newton PJN (2002) Geological setting and mineralization model for the Cleo gold deposit, Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia. Miner Depos 37:704–721
Brown SM, Johnson CA, Watling RJ, Premo WR (2003) Constraints on the composition of ore fluids and implications for mineralising events at the Cleo gold deposit, Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia. Aust J Earth Sci 50:19–38
Brugger J, Lahaye Y, Costa S, Lambert D, Bateman R (2000) Inhomogeneous distribution of REE in scheelite and dynamics of Archaean hydrothermal systems (Mt. Charlotte and Drysdale gold deposits, Western Australia). Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:251–264
Brugger J, Etschmann B, Pownceby M, Liu W, Grundler P, Brewe D (2008) Tracking the chemistry of ancient fluids: oxidation state of europium in hydrothermal scheelite. Chem Geol 257:26–33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.003
Cabri LJ, Chryssoulis SL, DeVilliers JPR, Laflamme JHG, Buseck PR (1989) The nature of “invisible” gold in arsenopyrite. Can Mineral 27:353–362
Cassidy KF, Champion DC, Fletcher IR, Dunphy JM, Black LP, Claoue-Long JC (2002) Geochronological constraints on the Leonora-Laverton transect area, north eastern Yilgarn Craton. In: Cassidy KF (ed) Geology, geochronology and geophysics of the north eastern Yilgarn Craton, with an emphasis on the Leonora-Laverton transect area. Geoscience Australia, Record 2002/18. Geoscience Australia, Symonston, ACT, pp 31–50
Cathelineau M, Boiron MC, Holliger P, Marion P, Denis M (1989) Gold in arsenopyrite: crystal chemistry, location and state, physical and chemical conditions of deposition. In: Keays R, Skinner BJ (eds) Source, transport and deposition of metals. Econ Geol Monograph 6. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 328–341
Ciobanu CL, Gabudeanu B, Cook NJ (2004) Neogene ore deposit and metallogeny of the Golden Quadrilateral, south Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Guidebook of the international field workshop of IGCP project 486, Alba Iulia, Romania, 31 Aug–7 Sep
Ciobanu CL, Cook NJ, Pring A, Brugger J, Danyushevsky L, Shimizu M (2009) ‘Invisible gold’ in bismuth chalcogenides. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:1970–1999. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.006
Coleman LC (1957) Mineralogy of the giant Yellowknife gold mine, Yellowknife, N.W.T. Econ Geol 52:400–425
Cook NJ, Chryssoulis SL (1990) Concentration of “Invisible gold” in the common sulfides. Can Mineral 28:1–16
Danyushevsky L, Robinson P, McGoldrick P, Large R, Gilbert S (2003) LA-ICPMS of sulphides: evaluation of an XRF glass disc standard for analysis of different sulphide matrixes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:A73
Fleet ME, Mumin H (1997) Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite and marcasite and arsenopyrite from Carlin Trend gold deposits and laboratory synthesis. Am Mineral 82:182–193
Fleet ME, Chryssoulis SL, MacLean PJ, Davidson R, Weisener CG (1993) Arsenian pyrite from gold deposits: Au and As distribution investigated by SIMS and EMP, and color staining and surface oxidation by XPS and LIMS. Can Mineral 31:1–17
Genkin AD, Bortnikov NS, Cabri LJ, Wagner FE, Stanley CJ, Safonov YG, McMahon G, Friedl J, Kerzin AL, Gamyanin GN (1998) A multidisciplinary study of invisible gold in arsenopyrite from four mesothermal gold deposits in Siberia, Russian Federation. Econ Geol 93:463–487
Hallberg JA (1985) Geology and mineral deposits of Leonora-Laverton Area, northeastern Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. Hesperian, Victoria Park, Western Australia, p 140
Johan Z, Marcoux E, Bonnemaison M (1989) Arsénopyrite aurifère: mode de subsitution de Au dans la structure de FeAsS. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 308:185–191
Larocque ACL, Hodgson CJ, Cabri LJ, Jackman JA (1995) Ion-microprobe analysis of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the Mobrun VMS deposit in northwestern Quebec: evidence for metamorphic remobilization of gold. Can Mineral 33:373–388
Lentz DR (2002) Sphalerite and arsenopyrite at the Brunswick No. 12 massive sulfide deposit, Bathurst camp, New Brunswick: constraints on P-T evolution. Can Mineral 40:19–31
Liu W, Brugger J, Etschamnn B, Testemale D, Hazemann JL (2008) The solubility of nantokite (CuCl(s)) and Cu speciation in low density fluids near the critical isochore: an in-situ XAS study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:4094–4106
Maddox LM, Bancroft GM, Scaini MJ, Lorimer JW (1998) Invisible gold: comparison of Au deposition on pyrite and arsenopyrite. Am Mineral 83:1240–1245
Mair JL, Ojala VJ, Salier BP, Groves DI, Brown SM (2000) Application of stress mapping in cross-section to understanding ore geometry, predicting ore zones and development of drilling strategies. Aust J Earth Sci 47:895–912
McClenaghan SH, Lentz DR, Cabri LJ (2004) Abundance and speciation of gold in massive sulfides of the Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick, Canada. Can Mineral 42:851–871
Mernagh TP, Heinrich CA, Mikucki EJ (2004) Temperature gradients recorded by fluid inclusions and hydrothermal alteration at the Mount Charlotte gold deposit, Kalgoorlie, Australia. Can Mineral 42:1383–1403
Mikucki EJ (1998) Hydrothermal transport and depositional processes in Archean lode-gold systems: a review. Ore Geol Rev 13:307–321
Morey AA, Tomkins AG, Bierlein FP, Weinberg RF, Davidson GJ (2008) Bimodal distribution of gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite: examples from the Archean Boorara and Bardoc shear systems, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Econ Geol 103:599–614
Mumin AH, Fleet ME, Chryssoulis SL (1994) Gold mineralization in As-rich mesothermal gold ores of the Bogosu–Prestea mining district of the Ashanti Gold Belt, Ghana: remobilization of “invisible” gold. Miner Depos 29:445–460
Neumayr P, Cabri LJ, Groves DI, Mikucki EJ, Jackman JA (1993) The mineralogical distribution of gold and relative timing of gold mineralization in two Archean settings of high metamorphic grade in Australia. Can Mineral 31:711–725
Newton PGN, Tornatora PMA, Smith R, Clifford M (2002) The Cleo-Sunrise Au deposit, Laverton, WA: contrasting structural styles within a thrust duplex. In: Vearncombe S (ed) Applied structural geology for mineral exploration and mining. International Symposium, Abstract Volume. Aust Inst Geosci Bull 36. Australian Institute of Geoscientists, Perth Business Centre, WA, pp 152–155
Nugus M, Blenkinsop T, Biggam J, Doyle M (2005a) The role of early-formed structure in lode gold mineralisation: the Sunrise Dam gold Mine, Yilgarn Craton, WA. In: Hancock H et al (eds) Best practice and innovation in global mine geology, 29 May–3 June. Publication 64. Economic Geology Research Unit, School of Earth Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, p 99
Nugus M, Blenkinsop T, McLeod T, Doyle M, Kent M (2005b) Structural control of gold mineralisation by reactivation of backthrusts at Sunrise Dam Gold Mine, Yilgarn Craton, WA. In: Hancock H et al (eds) Best practice and innovation in global mine geology, 29 May–3 June. Publication 64. Economic Geology Research Unit, School of Earth Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, p 99
Oberthür T, Weiser T, Amanor JA, Chryssoulis SL (1997) Mineralogical siting and distribution of gold in quartz veins and sulfide ores of the Ashanti mine and other deposits in the Ashanti belt of Ghana: genetic implications. Miner Depos 32:2–15
Pals DW, Spry PG (2003) Telluride mineralogy of the low-sulfidation epithermal Emperor gold deposit, Vatukoula, Fiji. Mineral Petrol 79:285–307
Pals DW, Spry PG, Chryssoulis S (2003) Invisible gold and tellurium in arsenic-rich pyrite from the Emperor Gold Deposit, Fiji: implications for gold distribution and deposition. Econ Geol 98:479–493
Pokrovski GS, Kara S, Roux J (2002) Stability and solubility of arsenopyrite, FeAsS, in crustal fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:2361–2378
Putnis A (2002) Mineral replacement reactions: from macroscopic observations to microscopic mechanisms. Mineral Mag 66:689–708
Reich M, Kesler SE, Utsunomiya S, Palenik CS, Chryssoulis S, Ewing RC (2005) Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:2781–2796
Salier BP, Groves DI, McNaughton NJ, Fletcher IR (2005) Geochronological and stable isotope evidence for widespread gold mineralization from a deep-seated fluid source at ca. 2.65 Ga in the Laverton Gold Province, Western Australia. Econ Geol 100:1363–1388
Shackleton JM, Spry PG, Bateman R (2003) Telluride mineralogy of the Golden Mile deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Can Mineral 41:1503–1524
Sibson RH, Robert FA, Poulsen KH (1988) High-angle reverse faults, fluid-pressure cycling, and mesothermal gold-quartz deposits. Geology 16:551–555
Simon G, Huang H, Penner-Hahn JE, Kesper SE, Kao LS (1999a) Oxidation state of gold and arsenic in gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Am Mineral 84:1071–1079
Simon G, Kesler SE, Chryssoulis S (1999b) Geochemistry and textures of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite, Twin Creeks, Nevada: implications for deposition of gold in Carlin-type deposits. Econ Geol 94:405–422
Sung Y-H, Ciobanu CL, Pring A, Brugger J, Skinner W, Cook NJ, Nugus M (2007) Tellurides from Sunrise Dam gold deposit, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a new occurrence of nagyágite. Mineral Petrol 91:249–270
Tarnocai CA, Hattori K, Cabri LJ (1997) “Invisible” gold in sulfides from the Campbell mine, Red Lake greenstone belt, Ontario: evidence for mineralization during the peak of metamorphism. Can Mineral 35:805–815
Tenailleau C, Pring A, Etschmann B, Brugger J, Grguric B, Putnis A (2006) Transformation of pentlandite to violarite under mild hydrothermal conditions. Am Mineral 91:706–709
Thébaud N, Philippot P, Rey P, Brugger J, Van Kranendonk M, Grassineau N (2008) Polyphased fluid–rock interaction in the mid-Archaean and implication of gold pre-concentration: example from the Warrawoona Syncline (WA). Earth Planet Sci Lett 272:639–655
Vaughan JP, Kyin A (2004) Refractory gold ores in Archaean greenstones, Western Australia: mineralogy, gold paragenesis, metallurgical characterization and classification. Mineral Mag 68:255–277
Xia F, Zhou J, Brugger J, Ngthai Y, O’Neill B, Chen G, Pring A (2008) A novel route to synthesize complex metal sulfides: hydrothermal coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions. Chem Mater 20:2809–2817
Xia F, Brugger J, Chen G, Ngothai Y, O’Neill B, Punis A, Pring A (2009) Mechanism and kinetics of pseudomorphic mineral replacement reactions: a case study of the replacement of pentlandite by violarite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:1945–1969. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.007
Yang S, Blum N, Rahders E, Zhang Z (1998) The nature of invisible gold in sulfides from the Xianxi Au–Sb–W ore deposits in northwestern Hunan, People’s Republic of China. Can Mineral 36:1361–1372