Investigation of organic films by atomic force microscopy: Structural, nanotribological and electrical properties

Surface Science Reports - Tập 66 - Trang 379-393 - 2011
Yabing Qi1
1Energy Materials and Surface Sciences (EMSS) Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0412, Japan

Tài liệu tham khảo

Binnig, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 930, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930 Rugar, 1990, Phys. Today, 43, 23, 10.1063/1.881238 Rugar, 2003, Rev. Modern Phys., 75, 949, 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.949 Giessibl, 2006, Phys. Today, 59, 45, 10.1063/1.2435681 Chen, 1993 Fletcher, 2010, ACS Navo, 4, 3338, 10.1021/nn100203d Gerber, 2006, Nat. Nanotechnol., 1, 3, 10.1038/nnano.2006.70 Kelley, 1999, Adv. Mater., 11, 261, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199903)11:3<261::AID-ADMA261>3.0.CO;2-B Dang, 2010, Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, 113303, 10.1063/1.3483613 Garcia, 2002, Surf. Sci. Rep., 47, 197, 10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00077-8 Gross, 2011, Nat. Chem., 3, 273, 10.1038/nchem.1008 Yamada, 2001, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 370, 197, 10.1080/10587250108030070 Fukuma, 2004, J. Appl. Phys., 95, 1222, 10.1063/1.1636831 Fukuma, 2004, J. Appl. Phys., 95, 4742, 10.1063/1.1690485 Gross, 2009, Science, 325, 1110, 10.1126/science.1176210 Gross, 2010, Nat. Chem., 2, 821, 10.1038/nchem.765 Yamada, 2002, Appl. Surf. Sci., 188, 391, 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00956-4 Pakarinen, 2009, Phys. Rev. B, 80, 085401, 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.085401 Burke, 2009, Adv. Mater., 21, 2029, 10.1002/adma.200802947 Such, 2010, ACS Navo, 4, 3429, 10.1021/nn100424g Nonnenmacher, 1991, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 2921, 10.1063/1.105227 Kikukawa, 1995, Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, 3510, 10.1063/1.113780 Melitz, 2011, Surf. Sci. Rep., 66, 1, 10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.10.001 Jacobs, 1998, J. Appl. Phys., 84, 1168, 10.1063/1.368181 Ichii, 2004, Nanotechnology, 15, S30, 10.1088/0957-4484/15/2/007 Palermo, 2006, Adv. Mater., 18, 145, 10.1002/adma.200501394 Leung, 2009, Nano Lett., 9, 2769, 10.1021/nl9012979 Leung, 2010, Appl. Phys. Lett. Liscio, 2006, Adv. Funct. Mater., 16, 1407, 10.1002/adfm.200600145 Burgi, 2002, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 2913, 10.1063/1.1470702 Nichols, 2003, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 2366, 10.1063/1.1611278 Tal, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 356405, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.256405 Mathijssen, 2008, Adv. Mater., 20, 975, 10.1002/adma.200702688 Puntambekar, 2006, Adv. Funct. Mater., 16, 879, 10.1002/adfm.200500816 Matyba, 2009, Nature Mater., 8, 672, 10.1038/nmat2478 Dhar, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 3972, 10.1073/pnas.0910554107 Hoppe, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 269, 10.1021/nl048176c Liscio, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 780, 10.1021/ja075291r Maturova, 2009, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 1379, 10.1002/adfm.200801283 Dabirian, 2009, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 7055, 10.1021/ja809731e Spadafora, 2010, Nano Lett., 10, 3337, 10.1021/nl101001d Lu, 1999, Langmuir, 15, 8184, 10.1021/la9904861 Fujihira, 1999, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 29, 353, 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.353 Pingree, 2009, Adv. Mater., 21, 19, 10.1002/adma.200801466 Thundat, 1993, Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 2150, 10.1063/1.110569 Sirghi, 2006, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 25975, 10.1021/jp063327g Frisbie, 1994, Science, 265, 2071, 10.1126/science.265.5181.2071 Noy, 1995, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 7943, 10.1021/ja00135a012 Noy, 1997, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 27, 381, 10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.381 Akari, 1995, Adv. Mater., 7, 549, 10.1002/adma.19950070607 van der Vegte, 1997, Langmuir, 13, 4357, 10.1021/la970025k Finot, 1997, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 8564, 10.1021/ja971474+ Wong, 1998, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 8557, 10.1021/ja9817803 Chen, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 236102, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.236102 Noy, 1998, Langmuir, 14, 1508, 10.1021/la970948f Takano, 1999, Chem. Rev., 99, 2845, 10.1021/cr9801317 Yang, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 11542, 10.1021/ja052478e Mas-Torrent, 2011, Chem. Rev., 111, 4833, 10.1021/cr100142w DeRose, 1995, Surf. Sci. Rep., 22, 73, 10.1016/0167-5729(95)00003-8 Carpick, 1997, Chem. Rev., 97, 1163, 10.1021/cr960068q Houston, 2002, Acc. Chem. Res., 35, 547, 10.1021/ar9801144 Xia, 1998, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 28, 153, 10.1146/annurev.matsci.28.1.153 Smith, 2004, Prog. Surf. Sci., 75, 1, 10.1016/j.progsurf.2003.12.001 Xu, 1999, Acc. Chem. Res., 15, 7244 Liu, 2008, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 59, 367, 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104542 de Boer, 2005, Adv. Mater., 17, 621, 10.1002/adma.200401216 Monson, 2008, Adv. Mater., 20, 4755, 10.1002/adma.200801082 Lloyd, 2009, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 4609, 10.1039/b903849c Veres, 2004, Chem. Mater., 16, 4543, 10.1021/cm049598q Kline, 2006, Nature Mater., 5, 222, 10.1038/nmat1590 Kreutz, 2003, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 4211, 10.1063/1.1625422 Garcia, 2007, Nano Lett., 7, 1489, 10.1021/nl070198m Tour, 2000, Acc. Chem. Res., 33, 791, 10.1021/ar0000612 Jiang, 2010, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 31, 2007, 10.1002/marc.201000040 Salomon, 2003, Adv. Mater., 15, 1881, 10.1002/adma.200306091 Barrena, 1999, J. Chem. Phys., 111, 9797, 10.1063/1.480316 Barrena, 2000, J. Chem. Phys., 113, 2413, 10.1063/1.482057 Ulman, 1991 Ulman, 1996, Chem. Rev., 96, 1533, 10.1021/cr9502357 Camillone, 1993, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 4234, 10.1063/1.465030 Alves, 1992, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 1222, 10.1021/ja00030a015 Strong, 1988, Langmuir, 4, 546, 10.1021/la00081a009 Chidsey, 1989, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 4421, 10.1063/1.456776 Widrig, 1991, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 2805, 10.1021/ja00008a001 Maksymovych, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 146103, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146103 Poirier, 1996, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, 1453, 10.1116/1.589118 Yamada, 2001, Langmuir, 17, 4148, 10.1021/la010470m Engelkes, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 14287, 10.1021/ja046274u Laibinis, 1991, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 7152, 10.1021/ja00019a011 Imanishi, 1998, Surf. Sci., 407, 282, 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00217-9 Slowinski, 1996, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 4709, 10.1021/ja9601191 Slowinski, 1997, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 11910, 10.1021/ja971921l McGuiness, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 5231, 10.1021/ja058657d Park, 2007, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 3710, 10.1021/jp066109w Sano, 2010, Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 49, 01AE09, 10.1143/JJAP.49.01AE09 Han, 2001, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 2422, 10.1021/ja993816c Liu, 1991, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 1994 Lavrich, 1998, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 3456, 10.1021/jp980047v Schonherr, 1999, Langmuir, 15, 5541, 10.1021/la981787y Xu, 1998, J. Chem. Phys., 109, 5002, 10.1063/1.475908 Fujii, 1994, Langmuir, 10, 984, 10.1021/la00016a002 Cohen, 1986, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 90, 3054 Wasserman, 1989, Langmuir, 5, 1074, 10.1021/la00088a035 Bierbaum, 1995, Langmuir, 11, 2143, 10.1021/la00006a049 Banga, 1995, Langmuir, 11, 4393, 10.1021/la00011a036 Gu, 1999, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 5220, 10.1021/jp9838184 Schwartz, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 3354, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3354 Xiao, 1995, Langmuir, 11, 1600, 10.1021/la00005a031 Lercel, 1993, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 11, 2823, 10.1116/1.586609 Komeda, 1997, Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 3398, 10.1063/1.119183 Aswal, 2006, Anal. Chim. Acta, 568, 84, 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.027 Woodward, 1996, Langmuir, 12, 3626, 10.1021/la9510689 Doudevski, 2001, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 6867, 10.1021/ja0042783 Neves, 2001, Langmuir, 17, 8193, 10.1021/la010909a Song, 2008, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254, 3306, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.11.021 Chen, 2004, Langmuir, 20, 7703, 10.1021/la030395a Tour, 1995, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 9529, 10.1021/ja00142a021 Ishida, 2002, Surf. Sci., 514, 187, 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01627-8 Gomar-Nadal, 2004, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 7213, 10.1021/jp0495949 Qi, 2010, Langmuir, 26, 16522, 10.1021/la100837g Bhushan, 1995, Langmuir, 11, 3189, 10.1021/la00008a052 Yang, 2003, Langmuir, 19, 6135, 10.1021/la034354q Lee, 2000, Langmuir, 16, 2220, 10.1021/la9909345 Lio, 1997, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 4767, 10.1021/jp963807f Touzov, 1997, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 5263, 10.1021/jp9638999 Liu, 1994, Langmuir, 10, 367, 10.1021/la00014a006 Barrena, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 2880, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2880 Ratera, 2005, Nanotechnology, 16, S235, 10.1088/0957-4484/16/5/018 Chen, 2006, Surf. Sci., 600, 4008, 10.1016/j.susc.2005.12.078 Zhang, 2004, J. Appl. Phys., 95, 3411, 10.1063/1.1652242 Lee, 2003, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1006, 21, 10.1196/annals.1292.001 Salmeron, 1993, Langmuir, 9, 3600, 10.1021/la00036a041 Durig, 1993, Phys. Rev. B, 48, 1711, 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.1711 Park, 2009, J. Chem. Phys., 130, 114705, 10.1063/1.3089789 Cui, 2002, Nanotechnology, 13, 5, 10.1088/0957-4484/13/1/302 Wold, 2002, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 2813, 10.1021/jp013476t Sikes, 2001, Science, 291, 1519, 10.1126/science.1055745 Qi, 2008, Langmuir, 24, 2219, 10.1021/la703147q Son, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 5357, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5357 Houston, 1992, Nature, 356, 266, 10.1038/356266a0 Joyce, 1991, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 710, 10.1063/1.1142072 Emslie, 1958, J. Appl. Phys., 29, 858, 10.1063/1.1723300 Lawrence, 1988, Phys. Fluids, 31, 2786, 10.1063/1.866986 Payne, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 4986, 10.1021/ja042353u Kang, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 12273, 10.1021/ja804013n Ding, 2010, Org. Electron., 11, 1217, 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.04.019 Yimsiri, 2006, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 3496, 10.1016/j.ces.2005.12.018 Dabirian, 2010, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 12, 4473, 10.1039/b923496a Li, 2005, Chem. Mater., 17, 130, 10.1021/cm0491025 Verilhac, 2006, Scanning Microsc., 156, 815 Kim, 2008, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 103302, 10.1063/1.2979691 Checcoli, 2003, Scanning Microsc., 138, 261 Ishikawa, 2004, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 2424, 10.1063/1.1690493 Reid, 2008, Nano Lett., 8, 1602, 10.1021/nl080155l Alexeev, 2006, Ultramicroscopy, 106, 191, 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.07.003 Coffey, 2007, Nano Lett., 7, 738, 10.1021/nl062989e Scavia, 2008, Surf. Sci., 602, 3106, 10.1016/j.susc.2008.08.009 Cahyadi, 2009, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 378, 10.1002/adfm.200800929 Hoppe, 2004, Adv. Funct. Mater., 14, 1005, 10.1002/adfm.200305026 Zen, 2004, Adv. Funct. Mater., 14, 757, 10.1002/adfm.200400017 Li, 2005, J. Appl. Phys., 98, 043704, 10.1063/1.2008386 Li, 2007, Adv. Funct. Mater., 17, 1636, 10.1002/adfm.200600624 Hamilton, 2009, Adv. Mater., 21, 1166, 10.1002/adma.200801725 Schwartz, 1997, Surf. Sci. Rep., 27, 245, 10.1016/S0167-5729(97)00003-4 Meyer, 1991, Nature, 349, 398, 10.1038/349398a0 Bourdieu, 1993, Science, 259, 798, 10.1126/science.259.5096.798 Imae, 2000, Langmuir, 16, 612, 10.1021/la9902237 Nayak, 2008, Phys. Rev. E, 78, 021606, 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.021606 Chen, 2005, Langmuir, 21, 1080, 10.1021/la040089c Hendriksen, 2011, Nano Lett., 11, 4107, 10.1021/nl202720y Sauerbrey, 1959, Z. Phys. A: Hadrons Nucl., 155, 206, 10.1007/BF01337937 Fritz, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 4084, 10.1021/ja049726b Bridger, 1999, Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 3522, 10.1063/1.124148 Jiang, 2011, ACS Nano, 5, 6195, 10.1021/nn200760r Nakamura, 2003, Thin Solid Films, 438, 360, 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00766-1 Kelley, 2001, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 4538, 10.1021/jp004519t Smits, 2008, Nature, 455, 956, 10.1038/nature07320 Higuchi, 2006, Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 45, L145, 10.1143/JJAP.45.L145 Piner, 1999, Science, 283, 661, 10.1126/science.283.5402.661 Xu, 1997, Langmuir, 13, 127, 10.1021/la962029f Zhao, 2001, Nano Lett., 2, 137, 10.1021/nl0100769 Hong, 2000, Science, 288, 1808, 10.1126/science.288.5472.1808 Ngunjiri, 2008, Scanning, 30, 123, 10.1002/sca.20083