Investigating the influence of single and multicomponent activated fluxes on macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of ATIG welded SS304
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Trang 1-13 - 2023
Tóm tắt
This study investigates the effect of activated fluxes TiO2, SiO2, and Fe2O3 and their mixtures on the microstructure and hardness of tungsten inert gas welded austenitic stainless steel SS304. Regression models were developed for all the responses. Bead-on plate welds were fabricated using optimized process parameters and characterized for microstructure and hardness. The activated fluxes significantly impacted the bead's appearance, shape, microstructure, and hardness. A layer of residual slag was seen over the weld metal for all the fluxes and their mixtures. No critical defect was seen except a little spattering for a few fluxes. Activated fluxes exhibited different impacts on penetration, bead width, and HAZ width without any correlation. SiO2 produced the greatest penetration and aspect ratio. Penetration varied in direct proportion with the amount of SiO2 and inversely with the amount of TiO2 and Fe2O3. No such relation could be seen for other responses. Welds displayed the usual vermicular delta-ferrite morphology together with an austenite matrix microstructure without any significant influence of fluxes on microstructure. A marginal change in bead and HAZ hardness was observed for all activated oxide fluxes. Mixture design using analysis of variance is a decent technique for optimizing flux compositions as predicted results are in good agreement with experimental ones.
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