Intrinsic Vulnerability Evaluation of Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Along a Course of the Subarnarekha River in Jharkhand, India
Tóm tắt
The appraisal of groundwater specific vulnerability is a global challenge. The high concentration of nitrate in drinking water has detrimental effects on human health. Poor sanitary facilities, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, urbanization and industrialization are concerns in groundwater management in recent decades. For this work, samples were collected from hand pump, located along the course of the Subarnarekha River in Jharkhand, India. Collected samples were analysed in laboratory to determine groundwater nitrate concentration of the selected study area and to identify the factors which control the distribution and fluctuation in different hydrological connectivity. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to know the difference in sites. Spatial and temporal variability of nitrate ion in groundwater was observed as 0.4 to 158.6mg/l, 0.2 to 264.6mg/l and 0.2 to 248.7mg/l during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season, respectively. Agricultural activities are dominant cause of elevated nitrate concentration, and other sources are industries of iron, steel and inorganic chemical (sulphuric acid). Concentration maps were created in SimplexNumerica software for conspicuous visualization of nitrate hot spots. The total area was categorized into safe zone (56%) and unsafe zone (44%). The unsafe zone water is not suitable for direct human consumption.
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