Interpretation of NPS results in real hair samples

Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique - Tập 29 - Trang 4-10 - 2017
Alberto Salomone1, Marco Vincenti1,2, Enrico Gerace1
1Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia “A. Bertinaria”, Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
2Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bossong, 2005, Methylone and mCPP, two new drugs of abuse?, Addict Biol, 10, 321, 10.1080/13556210500350794 Auwärter, 2009, “Spice” and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs?, J Mass Spectrom, 44, 832, 10.1002/jms.1558 Kintz, 2015 Favretto, 2013, New challenges and innovation in forensic toxicology: focus on the “new psychoactive substances”, J Chromatogr A, 1287, 84, 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.049 Pragst, 2006, State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse, Clin Chim Acta, 370, 17, 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.019 Musshoff, 2007, Analytical pitfalls in hair testing, Anal Bioanal Chem, 388, 1475, 10.1007/s00216-007-1288-x Zawilska, 2013, Designer cathinones – an emerging class of novel recreational drugs, Forensic Sci Int, 231, 42, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.015 Miotto, 2013, Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: a review of the literature and case reports, Drug Alcohol Depend, 132, 1, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.016 Moosmann, 2015, Hair analysis of synthetic cannabinoids: does the handling of herbal mixtures affect the analyst's hair concentration?, Forensic Toxicol, 33, 37, 10.1007/s11419-014-0244-7 Moosmann, 2015, Finding cannabinoids in hair does not prove cannabis consumption, Sci Rep, 5, 14906, 10.1038/srep14906 LeBeau, 2009, Considerations on the utility of hair analysis for cocaine, J Anal Toxicol, 33, 343, 10.1093/jat/33.6.343 Bassindale, 2012, Quantitative analysis of methamphetamine in hair of children removed from clandestine laboratories – evidence of passive exposure?, Forensic Sci Int, 219, 179, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.003 Farst, 2011, Hair drug testing of children suspected of exposure to the manufacture of methamphetamine, J Forensic Leg Med, 18, 110, 10.1016/j.jflm.2011.01.013 Wright J, Kenneally M, Edwards J, Walker S. Evaluation of environmental methamphetamine exposure through hair analysis. Available from: http://www.tiaft2016.com/program.php. Howitt J, Doran G, Deans R, De Filippis C, Kostakis C. Occupational exposure of police officers to illicit drugs – comparing exposure to the outcomes of hair and urine testing. Available from: http://www.tiaft2016.com/program.php. Cooper, 2012, Society of Hair Testing guidelines for drug testing in hair, Forensic Sci Int, 218, 20, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.024 Salomone, 2016, European guidelines for workplace drug and alcohol testing in hair, Drug Test Anal, 8, 996, 10.1002/dta.1999 Shah, 2012, Quantitative analysis of mephedrone using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy: application to human hair, J Pharm Biomed Anal, 61, 64, 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.026 Frison, 2016, Detection of 3-methylmethcathinone and its metabolites 3-methylephedrine and 3-methylnorephedrine in pubic hair samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci Int, 265, 131, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.039 Kim, 2013, Deposition of JWH-018, JWH-073 and their metabolites in hair and effect of hair pigmentation, Anal Bioanal Chem, 405, 9769, 10.1007/s00216-013-7423-y Kim, 2015, Simultaneous determination of five naphthoylindole-based synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites and their deposition in human and rat hair, J Pharm Biomed Anal, 102, 162, 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.013 Hutter, 2013, Characteristics of the designer drug and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM-2201 regarding its chemistry and metabolism, J Mass Spectrom, 48, 885, 10.1002/jms.3229 Auwärter, 2014, O23: hair analysis for synthetic cannabinoids: how does handling of herbal mixtures during forensic analysis affect the analyst's hair concentrations?, Toxicol Anal Clin, 26, S14 Hutter, 2015, Hair analysis for JWH-018, JWH-122, and JWH-210 after passive in vivo exposure to synthetic cannabinoid smoke, Forensic Toxicol, 33, 69, 10.1007/s11419-014-0251-8 Saito, 2015, Experimental study on external contamination of hair by synthetic cannabinoids and effect of hair treatment, Forensic Toxicol, 33, 155, 10.1007/s11419-014-0250-9 Park, 2015, Determination of XLR-11 and its metabolites in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J Pharm Biomed Anal, 114, 184, 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.022 Salomone, 2014, O22: quantification of 22 synthetic cannabinoids and 10 metabolites in human hair, Toxicol Anal Clin, 26, S14 Franz, 2016, Metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids in hair: proof of consumption or false friends for interpretation?, Anal Bioanal Chem, 408, 3445, 10.1007/s00216-016-9422-2 Salomone, 2012, Simultaneous analysis of several synthetic cannabinoids, THC, CBD and CBN, in hair by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation and application to real samples, J Mass Spectrom, 47, 604, 10.1002/jms.2988 Hutter, 2012, Determination of 22 synthetic cannabinoids in human hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr B, 903, 95, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.002 Gottardo, 2014, Screening for synthetic cannabinoids in hair by using LC-QTOF MS: a new and powerful approach to study the penetration of these new psychoactive substances in the population, Med Sci Law, 54, 22, 10.1177/0025802413477396 Salomone, 2014, Hair analysis as a tool to evaluate the prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in different populations of drug consumers, Drug Test Anal, 6, 126, 10.1002/dta.1556 Strano-Rossi, 2014, Screening for new psychoactive substances in hair by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1372C, 145, 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.106 Seely, 2013, Forensic investigation of K2, spice, and “bath salt” commercial preparations: a three-year study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds, Forensic Sci Int, 233, 416, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.002 Zamengo, 2014, Understanding the risks associated with the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS): high variability of active ingredients concentration, mislabelled preparations, multiple psychoactive substances in single products, Toxicol Lett, 229, 220, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.012 Uchiyama, 2010, Chemical analysis of synthetic cannabinoids as designer drugs in herbal products, Forensic Sci Int, 198, 31, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.01.004 Dresen, 2010, Monitoring of herbal mixtures potentially containing synthetic cannabinoids as psychoactive compounds, J Mass Spectrom, 45, 1186, 10.1002/jms.1811 Zuba, 2011, Comparison of “herbal highs” composition, Anal Bioanal Chem, 400, 119, 10.1007/s00216-011-4743-7 Shanks, 2013, Identification of novel third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J Anal Toxicol, 517, 10.1093/jat/bkt062 Papanti, 2013, “Spiceophrenia”: a systematic overview of “spice”-related psychopathological issues and a case report, Hum Psychopharmacol, 28, 379, 10.1002/hup.2312 Vardakou, 2010, Spice drugs as a new trend: mode of action, identification and legislation, Toxicol Lett, 197, 157, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.002 Jang, 2016, A fatal case of paramethoxyamphetamine poisoning and its detection in hair, Forensic Sci Int, 266, e27, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.06.030 Palamar, 2016, Detection of “bath salts” and other novel psychoactive substances in hair samples of ecstasy/MDMA/“Molly” users, Drug Alcohol Depend, 161, 200, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.001 Salomone, 2016, Determination of cathinones and other stimulant, psychedelic, and dissociative designer drugs in real hair samples, Anal Bioanal Chem, 408, 2035, 10.1007/s00216-015-9247-4 Martin, 2012, Evidence of mephedrone chronic abuse through hair analysis using GC/MS, Forensic Sci Int, 218, 44, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.016 Gerace, 2014, Toxicological findings in a fatal multidrug intoxication involving mephedrone, Forensic Sci Int, 243C, 68, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.038 Wikström, 2010, Two fatal intoxications with the new designer drug methedrone (4-methoxymethcathinone) autopsy cases, J Anal Toxicol, 34, 594, 10.1093/jat/34.9.594 Alvarez, 2017, Identification and quantification of 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in hair by LC–MS/MS after chronic administration, Forensic Sci Int, 270, 39, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.028 Alvarez, 2016, Identification and quantification of diphenidine in hair by LC-MS/MS after single administration, Toxicol Anal Clin Gerace, 2016, A case of non-fatal intoxication associated with the recreational use of diphenidine, J Forensic Sci Namera, 2013, Simple segmental hair analysis for α-pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drugs by MonoSpin extraction for evaluation of abuse history, J Chromatogr B, 942–943, 15, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.021 Namera, 2013, A fatal case of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone poisoning: coexistence of α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone in blood and/or hair, Forensic Toxicol, 31, 338, 10.1007/s11419-013-0192-7 Nieddu, 2015, Simultaneous determination of 11 illicit phenethylamines in hair by LC-MS-MS: in vivo application, J Anal Toxicol, 39, 532, 10.1093/jat/bkv054 Cirimele, 2014, O21: testing for 18 synthetic cannabinoids in hair using HPLC-MS/MS: method development and validation, its application to authentic samples and preliminary results, Toxicol Anal Clin, 26, S13 Schaefer, 2013, A fatal case involving several synthetic cannabinoids, Toxichem Krimtech, 80, 248