International standardisation of the test of masticating and swallowing solids in children

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation - Tập 46 Số 2 - Trang 161-169 - 2019
Ulrike Frank1, L. van den Engel–Hoek2, Dália Nogueira3,4, Antonio Schindler5, Sasha D. Adams6, Morgan Curry6, Maggie‐Lee Huckabee6
1Linguistic Department, Swallowing Research Lab, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
2Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Business Research Unit, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE–IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
4Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
5Phoniatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco,” University of Milan, Milan, Italy
6Department of Communication Disorders, The Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery and Research, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

SummaryThe Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a validated assessment tool measuring the efficiency of solid bolus intake by four quantitative parameters: discrete bites, masticatory cycles, swallows and time to ingest a single cracker. A normative database for adults (20‐80+ years) has previously been established. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability and reliability of the TOMASS in children and adolescents (TOMASS‐C) and to establish the normative database for this younger population. We collected data from 638 participants (male: 311, female: 327) in five age groups (4‐18 years) with five different but very similar test crackers in four countries. Significant effects of bolus type (cracker), age group and gender on the TOMASS parameters were identified, requiring stratification of the TOMASS‐C database by these variables. Intra‐rater reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.94) for all parameters; inter‐rater reliability was moderate for “number of swallows” (ICC = 0.54), good for “bites” (ICC = 0.78) and “time” (ICC = 0.82), and excellent for “masticatory cycles” (ICC = 0.96). The “Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids in Children (TOMASS‐C)” was identified to be a reliable diagnostic tool for the comprehensive measurement of discrete oral stage components of solid bolus ingestion, standardised by a large normative database that covers age groups from preschoolers to young adults. While differences between gender groups were less pronounced than in the adult population, previous results relating to changes in masticatory and swallowing as a function of age are confirmed by our data.

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Journal of Oral Rehabilitation

Tập 46 Số 2

161-169

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