Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate the formation of human osteoclastlike cells in vitro
Tóm tắt
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) α and β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and β are potent stimulators of bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased bone resorption have not been clearly defined. Increased bone resorption can result from increased activity of individual osteoclasts, increased numbers of osteoclasts, or both. Therefore, we have used a long-term human marrow culture system that forms multinucleated cells (MNC) with the characteristics of osteoclasts to examine the effects of IL-1 and TNF on osteoclast formation. Human recombinant IL-1α and IL-1β and human recombinant TNF-α and TNF-β stimulated MNC formation from 4- to 60-fold. IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TNF-β significantly increased MNC formation at very low concentrations: 2.5 × 10−13 M for IL-1α and IL-1β, 10−11 M for TNF-α, and 10−10 M for TNF-β In addition, these cytokines enhanced MNC formation in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], a potent osteotropic factor that stimulates MNC formation by stimulating fusion of mononuclear precursor cells. Simultaneous addition of IL-1 and TNF to the cultures resulted in a synergistic stimulation of MNC formation. These results suggest that: (1) IL-1 and TNF stimulate bone resorption in part by increasing osteoclast formation and (2) an extremely low concentration of these factors can synergistically increase osteoclast formation in the absence of other factors, such as 1,25-(OH)2D3. These data suggest that synergistic interactions among cytokines play an important role in maintaining bone cell activity in normal and pathologic states.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bertolini, 1986, Stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in vitro by human tumor necrosis factors, Nature, 319, 516, 10.1038/319516a0
Tashjian, 1987, Tumor necrosis factor-α (cachectin) stimulates bone resorption in mouse calvaria via a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism, Endocrinology, 120, 2029, 10.1210/endo-120-5-2029
Gowen, 1983, An interleukin 1-like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro, Nature, 306, 378, 10.1038/306378a0
Heath, 1985, Pig interleukin 1 (catabolin) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vitro, Calcif Tissue Int, 37, 95, 10.1007/BF02557686
Sabatini, 1987, Recombinant human interleukin-1β infusions cause hypercalcemia and stimulate bone resorption in vivo (abstract), J Bone Min Res, 2, 386
Garrett, 1987, Production of lymphotoxin, a bone-resorbing cytokine, by cultured human myeloma cells, N Engl J Med, 317, 526, 10.1056/NEJM198708273170902
Canalis, 1986, Interleukin-1 have independent effects on deoxy-ribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in cultures of rat calvariae, Endocrinology, 118, 74, 10.1210/endo-118-1-74
Smith, 1987, Effects of interferon-γ and other cytokines on collagen synthesis in fetal rat bone cultures, Endocrinology, 120, 2494, 10.1210/endo-120-6-2494
Ibbotson, 1984, Identification and characterization of osteoclast-like cells and their progenitors in cultures of feline marrow mononuclear cells, J Cell Biol, 99, 471, 10.1083/jcb.99.2.471
Roodman, 1985, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes formation of multinucleated cells with several osteoclast characteristics in cultures of primate marrow, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 82, 8213, 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8213
MacDonald, 1987, Formation of multinucleated cells which respond to osteotropic hormones in long-term human marrow cultures, Endocrinology, 120, 2326, 10.1210/endo-120-6-2326
Takahashi, 1986, Recombinant human transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates the formation of osteo-clast-like cells in long-term human marrow cultures, J Clin Invest, 78, 894, 10.1172/JCI112677
Burger, 1982, In vitro formation of osteoclasts from long-term cultures of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes, J Exp Med, 156, 1604, 10.1084/jem.156.6.1604
Roodman, 1987, Human marrow derived multinucleated cells form resorption lacunae on sperm whale dentine (abstract), J Bone Min Res, 2, 375
Takahashi, 1986, Recombinant human interferon-γ inhibits formation of human osteoclast-like cells, J Immunol, 137, 3544, 10.4049/jimmunol.137.11.3544
Stashenko, 1987, Synergistic interactions between interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin in bone resorption, J Immunol, 138, 1464, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.5.1464
Munker, 1986, Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulation factor, Nature, 323, 79, 10.1038/323079a0
Zucali, 1986, Interleukin 1 stimulates fibroblasts to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity and prostaglandin E, J Clin Invest, 77, 1857, 10.1172/JCI112512
Vogel, 1987, Induction of colony stimulating factor in vivo by recombinant interleukin 1α and recombinant tumor necrosis factorα, J Immunol, 138, 2143, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.7.2143
Lovhaug, 1986, Monocyte-conditioned medium and interleukin 1 induce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production in the adherent cell layer of murine bone marrow cultures, Exp Hematol, 14, 1037
Fibbe, 1986, Interleukin-1 (22-k-factor) induces release of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity from human mononuclear phagocytes, Blood, 68, 1316, 10.1182/blood.V68.6.1316.1316
MacDonald, 1986, Effects of human recombinant CSF-GM and highly purified CSF-1 on the formation of multinu-cleated cells with osteoclast characteristics in long-term bone marrow cultures, J Bone Min Res, 1, 227, 10.1002/jbmr.5650010210
Ortaldo, 1986, Analysis of cytostatic/cytotoxic lymphokines: Relationship of natural killer cytotoxic factor to recombinant lymphotoxin, recombinant tumor necrosis factor, and leukoregulin, J Immunol, 137, 2857, 10.4049/jimmunol.137.9.2857
Wood, 1985, The four biochemically distinct species of human interleukin-1 exhibit similar biologic activities, J Immunol, 134, 895, 10.4049/jimmunol.134.2.895
Dayer, 1985, Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts, J Exp Med, 162, 2163, 10.1084/jem.162.6.2163
Elias, 1987, Synergistic stimulation of fibroblast prostaglandin production by recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, J Immunol, 138, 3812, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.11.3812
Sato, 1986, Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 and bone resorption by recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha in fetal mouse bones, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 138, 618, 10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80541-1
Thomson, 1986, Osteoblasts mediate interleukin 1 stimulation of bone resorption by rat osteoclasts, J Exp Med, 164, 104, 10.1084/jem.164.1.104
Thomson, 1987, Tumor necrosis factors α and β induce osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption, J Immunol, 138, 775, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.3.775
Dinarello, 1986, Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1, J Exp Med, 163, 1433, 10.1084/jem.163.6.1433
Nawroth, 1986, Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin interacts with endothelial cell receptors to induce release of interleukin 1, J Exp Med, 163, 1363, 10.1084/jem.163.6.1363