Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients

Beutler, 1988, Tumor necrosis, cachexia, shock, and inflammation: a common mediator, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57, 505, 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.002445

Bradford, 1976, Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing principle of proteindye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248, 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Carpenter, 1979, Epidermal growth factor, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 48, 193, 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.001205

Chalazonitis, 1992, Transforming growth factor α, but not epidermal growth factor, promotes the survival of sensory neurons in vitro, J. Neurosci., 12, 583, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00583.1992

Chung, 1990, Tumor necrosis factor-α production by astrocytes, J. Immunol., 144, 2999

Derynck, 1988, Transforming growth factor α, Cell, 54, 593, 10.1016/S0092-8674(88)80001-1

Fontana, 1982, Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells, J. Immunol., 129, 2913

Giulian, 1985, Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury, Science, 228, 497, 10.1126/science.3872478

Greenfield, 1992, Cell death in Parkinson's disease, Vol. 27, 103

Hama, 1991, Interleukin-6 improves the survival of mesencephalic catecholaminergic and septal cholinergic neurons from postnatal, two-week-old rats in cultures, Neuroscience, 40, 445, 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90132-8

Inagaki, 1990, A new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for transforming growth factor α (TGFα) based upon conformational modification by antibody binding, J. Immunol. Methods, 128, 27, 10.1016/0022-1759(90)90460-D

Javoy-Agid, 1984, Biochemical neuropathology of Parkinson's disease, Adv. Neurol., 40, 189

Katsuura, 1989, Topographic analysis of human epidermal growth factor by monospecific antibodies and synthetic peptides, J. Biochem., 106, 87, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122826

Kasahara, 1990, IL1 induces proliferation and IL6 mRNA expression in a human astrocytoma cell line: positive and negative modulation by chorela toxin and cAMP, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 167, 1242, 10.1016/0006-291X(90)90657-9

Lee, 1985, Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for rat transforming growth factor-α, Nature, 313, 489, 10.1038/313489a0

Lindholm, 1987, Interleukin-1 regulates systhesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of rat sciatic nerve, Nature, 330, 658, 10.1038/330658a0

Massague, 1990, Transforming growth factor-α, a model for membrane-anchored growth factors, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 21393, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45745-6

Mogi, 1984, Detection of inactive or less active forms of tyrosine hydroxylase in human adrenals by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay, Anal. Biochem., 138, 125, 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90779-6

Mogi, 1994, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients, Neurosci. Lett., 165, 208, 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90746-3

Morrison, 1987, Trophic stimulation of cultured neurons from neonatal rat brain by epidermal growth factor, Science, 238, 72, 10.1126/science.3498986

Ojeda, 1990, Involvement of transforming growth factor α in the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from the developing female hypothalamus, 87, 9698

Sato, 1988, Induction of neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells by B cell stimulatory factor 2/interleukin 6, Mol. Cell. Biol., 8, 3546

Seroogy, 1993, Cellular localization of transforming growth factor-α mRNA in rat forebrain, J. Neurochem., 60, 1777, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13403.x

Snyder, 1991, Parkinson's disease, fresh factors to consider, Nature, 350, 195, 10.1038/350195a0

Sternberg, 1988, Monokines, lymphokines and brain, 205

Todaro, 1980, Transforming growth factors produced by certain human tumor cells: polypeptides that interact with epidermal growth factor receptors, 77, 5258

Van Snick, 1990, Interleukin-6: an overview, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 8, 253, 10.1146/annurev.iy.08.040190.001345

Weiss, 1993, Promising protein for Parkinson's, Science, 260, 1072, 10.1126/science.8493547

Yamamori, 1992, Molecular mechanisms for generation of neural diversity and specificity: role of polypeptide factors in development of postmitotic neurons, Neurosci. Res., 12, 545, 10.1016/0168-0102(92)90064-J

Yoshida, 1991, Fibroblast growth factors stimulate nerve growth factor synthesis and secretion by astrocytes, Brain Res., 538, 118, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90385-9