Interest groups: A survey of empirical models that try to assess their influence
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abler, 1991, Campaign contributions and house voting on sugar and dairy legislation, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73, 11, 10.2307/1242878
Abrams, 1981, Political power and the market for governors, Public Choice, 37, 521, 10.1007/BF00133749
Abrams, 1978, The economic theory of regulation and public financing of presidential elections, Journal of Political Economy, 36, 245, 10.1086/260665
Abrams, 1993, Pressure group influence and institutional change: Branch banking legislation during the Great Depression, Public Choice, 77, 687, 10.1007/BF01047989
Appelbaum, 1987, Seeking rents by setting rents: The political economy of rent seeking, Economic Journal, 97, 685, 10.2307/2232930
Austen-Smith, 1994, Counteractive lobbying, American Journal of Political Science, 38, 25, 10.2307/2111334
Bauer, 1963, American business and public policy
Barro, 1973, The control of politicians: An economic model, Public Choice, 14, 19, 10.1007/BF01718440
Becker, 1983, A theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98, 371, 10.2307/1886017
Becker, 1986, The public interest hypothesis revisited: A new test of Peltzman's theory of regulation, Public Choice, 49, 223, 10.1007/BF00127340
Beghin, 1990, A game-theoretic model of endogenous public policies, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72, 138, 10.2307/1243153
Beghin, 1994, Political institutions and international patterns of agricultural protection, Review of Economics and Statistics, 76, 482, 10.2307/2109973
Bender, 1988, An analysis of congressional voting on legislation limiting congressional campaign expenditures, Journal of Political Economy, 96, 1005, 10.1086/261573
Bender, 1991, The influence of ideology on congressional voting, Economic Inquiry, 29, 416, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00836.x
Bender, 1994, A reexamination of the principal-agent relationship in politics, Journal of Public Economics, 53, 149, 10.1016/0047-2727(94)90018-3
Bennett, 1994, Savings and loan and finance industry: PAC contributions to incumbent members of the house banking committee, Public Choice, 79, 83, 10.1007/BF01047920
Benson, 1988, The market for laws: An economic analysis of legislation, Southern Economic Journal, 54, 732, 10.2307/1059016
Bental, 1975, political contribution and policy: Some extensions, Public Choice, 19, 1, 10.1007/BF01718411
Bentley, 1908
Ben-Zion, 1974, On money, votes, and policy in a democratic society, Public Choice, 17, 1, 10.1007/BF01718993
Bloch, 1993, Political support for minimum wage legislation, Journal of Labor Research, 14, 187, 10.1007/BF02685664
Boucher, 1991, Rent-seeking and the behavior of regulators: An empirical analysis, Public Choice, 69, 51, 10.1007/BF00123854
Bronars, 1994, Do campaign donations alter how politicians vote?
Bullock, 1992, Objectives and constraints of government policy: The countercyclity of transfers to agriculture, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74, 617, 10.2307/1242574
Cahan, 1992, Industry income and congressional regulatory legislation: Interest groups vs. median voter, Economic Inquiry, 30, 47, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1992.tb01534.x
Caldeira, 1988, Organized interests and agenda setting in the U.S. Supreme Court, American Political Science Review, 82, 1109, 10.2307/1961752
Caldeira, 1989, Organized interests before the Senate: The politics of federal judicial nominations
Carey, 1994, Political shirking and the last term problem: Evidence for a party administered pension system, Public Choice, 81, 1, 10.1007/BF01053263
Carson, 1984, A method of estimating the personal ideology of political representatives, American Political Science Review, 78, 163, 10.2307/1961255
Chappell, 1981, Campaign contributions and voting on the Cargo Preference Bill: A comparison of simultaneous models, Public Choice, 36, 301, 10.1007/BF00123786
Chappell, 1981, Conflict of interest and Congressional voting: A note, Public Choice, 37, 331, 10.1007/BF00138252
Chappell, 1982, Campaign contributions and Congressional voting: A simultaneous probit-tobit model, Review of Economics and Statistics, 61, 77, 10.2307/1937945
Clawson, 1988, Interlocks, PACs and corporate conservatism, American Journal of Sociology, 94, 749, 10.1086/229067
Congleton, 1990, The growth of social security: Electoral push or political pull, Economic Inquiry, 28, 109, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1990.tb00806.x
Coughlin, 1985, Domestic content legislation: House voting and the economic theory of regulation, Economic Inquiry, 23, 437, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01777.x
Cover, 1982, Baby books and ballots: The impact of Congressional mail on constituent opinion, 76, 347
Cover, 1982
Crain, 1977, On the structure and stability of political markets, Journal of Political Economy, 85, 829, 10.1086/260602
Crain, 1976, Campaign expenditures and political competition, Journal of Law and Economics, 19, 177, 10.1086/466861
Crain, 1977, Attenuated property rights and the market for governors, Journal of Law and Economics, 20, 205, 10.1086/466898
Crain, 1977, Legislators as taxicabs: On the value of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, Economic Inquiry, 15, 298, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1977.tb00475.x
Cropper, 1992, The determinants of pesticide regulation: A statistical analysis of EPA decision making, Journal of Political Economy, 100, 175, 10.1086/261812
Dahl, 1956
Davis, 1989, A test for pure or apparent ideology in Congressional voting, Public Choice, 60, 101, 10.1007/BF00149238
Denzau, 1986, Legislators and interest groups: How unorganized interests get represented, American Political Science Review, 80, 89, 10.2307/1957085
Dilorenzo, 1981, An empirical assessment of the factor supplier pressure group hypothesis, Public Choice, 37, 559, 10.1007/BF00133752
Durden, 1991, The effect of interest group pressure on coal strip-mining legislation, Social Science Quarterly, 72, 239
Eismeier, 1986, Strategy and choice in Congressional elections: The role of political action committees, American Journal of Political Science, 30, 197, 10.2307/2111301
Endersby, 1992, The impact of legislator attributes on Union PAC campaign contributions, Journal of Labor Research, 13, 79, 10.1007/BF02685453
Esty, 1983, Market structure and political influence: New data on political expenditures, activity and success, Economic Inquiry, 21, 24, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1983.tb00614.x
Fort, 1993, The ideological component of Senate voting: Different principles or different principals?, Public Choice, 76, 39, 10.1007/BF01049342
Fowler, 1987, The grass roots connection: Environmental activists and Senate roll calls, American Journal of Political Science, 31, 484, 10.2307/2111280
Frendreis, 1985, PAC contributions and legislative behavior: Senate voting on trucking deregulation, Social Science Quarterly, 66, 401
Gardner, 1987, Causes of U.S. farm commodity programs, Journal of Political Economy, 95, 290, 10.1086/261456
Giertz, 1977, Campaign expenditures and election outcomes: A critical note, Public Choice, 31, 157, 10.1007/BF01718984
Gifford, 1978, Politicians and property rights: An analysis of the relationship between campaign expenditures and wage and price controls, Public Choice, 33, 71, 10.1007/BF00123944
Globerman, 1994, International differences in telephone rate structures and the organization of business subscribers, Public Choice, 80, 129, 10.1007/BF01047951
Goff, 1993, On the mismeasurement of legislator ideology and shirking, Public Choice, 76, 5, 10.1007/BF01049340
Gopoian, 1984, What makes PACs tick?, 28, 259
Graddy, 1991, Toward a general theory of occupational regulation, Social Science Quarterly, 72, 676
Graddy, 1989, Public members on occupational licensing boards: Effects on legislative regulatory reforms, Southern Economic Journal, 55, 610, 10.2307/1059577
Grenzke, 1989, PACs and the congressional supermarket: The currency is complex, American Journal of Political Science, 33, 1, 10.2307/2111251
Grenzke, 1989, Candidate attributes and PAC contributions, Western Political Quarterly, 42, 245, 10.2307/448354
Grier, 1993, Introduction: Ideology and representation in American politics, Public Choice, 76, 1, 10.1007/BF01049339
Grier, 1986, The impact of legislator attributes on interest-group campaign contributions, Journal of Labor Research, 7, 349, 10.1007/BF03179665
Grier, 1991, Committee assignments, constituent preferences and campaign contributions, Economic Inquiry, 29, 24, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb01250.x
Grier, 1993, Comparing interest group PAC contributions to House and Senate incumbents, 1980–1986, Journal of Politics, 55, 615, 10.2307/2131991
Grier, 1991, The industrial organization of corporate political participation, Southern Economic Journal, 57, 727, 10.2307/1059786
Grier, 1994, The determinants of industry political activity, 1978–1986, American Political Science Review, 88, 911, 10.2307/2082716
Grier, 1990, Allocation patterns of PAC monies: The U.S. Senate, Public Choice, 67, 111, 10.1007/BF00714394
Gustafsson, 1992, Child care subsidies and labor supply in Sweden, Journal of Human Resources, 27, 204, 10.2307/145917
Guttman, 1978, Interest groups and the demand for agricultural research, Journal of Political Economy, 86, 467, 10.1086/260682
Guttman, 1980, Villages as interest groups: The demand for agricultural extension services in India, Kyklos, 122
Hall, 1990, Buying time: Moneyed interests and the mobilization of bias in Congressional committees, American Political Science Review, 84, 797, 10.2307/1962767
Herndon, 1982, Access, record, and competition as influences on interest group contributions to Congressional campaigns, Journal of Politics, 44, 996, 10.2307/2130670
Higgs, 1989, Do legislators' votes reflect constituency preference?, 63, 175
Hird, 1993, Congressional voting on superfund: Self-interest or ideology, Public Choice, 77, 333, 10.1007/BF01047874
Humphries, 1991, Corporations, PACs and the strategic link between contributions and lobbying activities, Western Political Quarterly, 44, 353, 10.2307/448782
Hoyt, 1993, Lobbying expenditures and government output: The NEA and public education, Southern Economic Journal, 60, 405, 10.2307/1060088
Jackson, 1992, Ideology, interest group scores, and legislative votes, American Journal of political Science, 36, 805, 10.2307/2111592
Jacobson, 1980, Money in congressional elections
Jacobson, 1985, Money and votes reconsidered: Congressional elections 1972–1982, Public Choice, 47, 7, 10.1007/BF00119352
Jarrell, 1978, The demand for state regulation of the electric utility industry, Journal of Law and Economics, 21, 269, 10.1086/466921
Jones, 1987, Issue visibility and the effects of PAC money, Social Science Quarterly, 68, 170
Jung, 1994, An explanation for why senators from the same state vote differently so frequently, Journal of Public Economics, 54, 65, 10.1016/0047-2727(94)90071-X
Kalt, 1984, Capture and ideology in the economic theory of politics, American Economic Review, 74, 279
Kalt, 1990, The apparent ideological behavior of legislators: Testing for principal-agent slack in political institutions, Journal of Law and Economics, 33, 103, 10.1086/467201
Kamath, 1989, Concealed takings: Capture and rent-seeking in the Indian sugar industry, Public Choice, 62, 119, 10.1007/BF00124329
Kau, 1978, Voting on minimum wages: A time-series analysis, Journal of Political Economy, 86, 337, 10.1086/260673
Kau, 1979, Public interest lobbies: Membership and influence, Public Choice, 34, 45, 10.1007/BF00125751
Kau, 1979, Self interest, ideology, and logrolling in Congressional voting, Journal of Law and Economics, 22, 365, 10.1086/466947
Kau, 1981, The impact of labor unions on the passage of economic regulation, Journal of Labor Research, 2, 133, 10.1007/BF02685126
Kau, 1982, A general equilibrium model of Congressional voting, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 97, 271, 10.2307/1880758
Keim, 1988, Looking for leverage in PAC markets: Corporate and labor contributions considered, Public Choice, 58, 21, 10.1007/BF00183326
Kennelly, 1991, Industry characteristics and interest group formation: An empirical study, Public Choice, 21
Kischgassner, 1988, Government spending in federal systems: A comparison between Switzerland and Germany
Krehbiel, 1993, Constituency characteristics and legislative preferences, Public Choice, 76, 21, 10.1007/BF01049341
Kristov, 1992, Pressure groups and redistribution, Journal of Public Economics, 48, 135, 10.1016/0047-2727(92)90024-A
Langbein, 1986, Money and access: Some empirical evidence, Journal of Politics, 48, 1052, 10.2307/2131013
Langbein, 1993, PACs, lobbies and political conflict: The case of gun control, Public Choice, 77, 551, 10.1007/BF01047860
Leigh, 1994, Non-random assignment, vehicle safety inspection laws and high way fatalities, Public Choice, 78, 373, 10.1007/BF01047765
Lindblom, 1977
Lindsay, 1988, Party politics and the price of payola, Economic Inquiry, 26, 203, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01489.x
Lott, 1987, The effect of nontransferable property rights on the efficiency of political markets, Journal of Public Economics, 32, 231, 10.1016/0047-2727(87)90014-4
Lott, 1989, Shirking and sorting in a political market with finite-lived politicians, Public Choice, 61, 75, 10.1007/BF00116763
Lott, 1992, A critical review and an extension of the political shirking literature, Public Choice, 74, 461, 10.1007/BF00137690
Lott, 1993, Time series evidence on shirking in the U.S. House of Representatives, Public Choice, 76, 125, 10.1007/BF01049346
Lupia, 1994, Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and voting behavior in California insurance reform elections, American Political Science Review, 88, 63, 10.2307/2944882
Maitland, 1985, Interest groups and economic growth rates, Journal of Politics, 47, 44, 10.2307/2131065
Masters, 1988, Congressional support for unions' positions across diverse legislation, Journal of Labor Research, 9, 149, 10.1007/BF02685238
McArthur, 1988, Constituent interest vs. legislator ideology: The role of political opportunity cost, Economic Inquiry, 26, 461, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01508.x
McCormick, 1981
McKeown, 1994, The epidemiology of corporate PAC formation, 1975–1984, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 24, 153, 10.1016/0167-2681(94)90023-X
Meier, 1987, The political economy of consumer protection: An examination of state legislation, Western Political Quarterly, 40, 343, 10.2307/448317
Meier, 1992, State policies on funding of abortions: A pooled time series analysis, Social Science Quarterly, 73, 690
Michaels, 1992, What's legal and what's not: The regulation of opiates in 1912, Economic Inquiry, 30, 696, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1992.tb01291.x
Milbrath, 1963
Miller, 1991, Agricultural price policies and political interest group competition, Journal of Policy Modelling, 13, 489, 10.1016/0161-8938(91)90028-W
Mitchell, 1991, Economic models of interest groups: An introductory survey, American Journal of Political Science, 35, 512, 10.2307/2111373
Mixon, 1995, Public choice and the EPA: Empirical evidence on carbon emissions violations, Public Choice, 83, 127, 10.1007/BF01047688
Morton, 1992, Elections and the theory of campaign contributions: A survey and critical analysis, Economics and Politics, 4, 79, 10.1111/j.1468-0343.1992.tb00056.x
Mueller, 1986, Interest groups and the size of government, Public Choice, 48, 125, 10.1007/BF00179727
Munger, 1988, On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process: An update, Public Choice, 56, 295, 10.1007/BF00130278
Munger, 1989, A simple test of the thesis that committee jurisdictions shape corporate PAC contributions, Public Choice, 62, 181, 10.1007/BF00124334
Naert, 1990, Pressure politics and government spending in Belgium, Public Choice, 67, 49, 10.1007/BF01890156
Neck, 1988, The growth of the public sector in Austria: An explanatory analysis
Nelson, 1982, An empirical test of the Ramsey theory and Stigler-Peltzman theory of public utility pricing, Economic Inquiry, 20, 277, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1982.tb01156.x
Nelson, 1987, Ideology and legislator shirking, Economic Inquiry, 25, 15, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00719.x
Noll, 1989, Economic perspectives on the politics of regulation, Vol. II
Olson, 1965
Palda, 1992, The determinants of campaign spending: The role of the government jackpot, Economic Inquiry, 30, 627, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1992.tb01285.x
Palda, 1994, Desirability and effects of campaign spending limits, Crime, Law and Social Change, 21, 295, 10.1007/BF01307797
Palda, 1985, Ceilings on campaign spending: Hypothesis and partial test with Canadian data, Public Choice, 45, 313, 10.1007/BF00124028
Palda, 1994, The impact of regulated campaign expenditures and contributions in the French legislative elections of 1993
Pashigian, 1985, Environmental regulation: Whose self-interests are being protected?, Economic Inquiry, 551, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01783.x
Peltzman, 1976, Towards a more general theory of regulation, Journal of Law and Economics, 19, 211, 10.1086/466865
Peltzman, 1984, Constituent interest and congressional voting, Journal of Law and Economics, 27, 181, 10.1086/467062
Pincus, 1975, Pressure groups and the pattern of tariffs, Journal of Political Economy, 83, 757, 10.1086/260354
Pittman, 1976, The effects of industry concentration and regulation on contributions in three 1972 U.S. Senate campaigns, Public Choice, 23, 71, 10.1007/BF01718947
Pittman, 1977, Market structure and campaign contributions, Public Choice, 31, 37, 10.1007/BF01718973
Pittman, 1988, Rent-seeking and market structure: Comment, Public Choice, 58, 173, 10.1007/BF00125722
Plotnick, 1986, An interest group model of direct income redistribution, Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, 594, 10.2307/1924518
Poole, 1985, Patterns of PAC contributions to the 1980 campaigns for the U.S House of Representatives, Public Choice, 47, 63, 10.1007/BF00119353
Poole, 1987, The revealed preferences of political action committees, American Economic Review, 77, 298
Potters, 1992
Potters, 1995, Models of interest groups: Four different approaches
Quinn, 1991, Business political power: The case of taxation, American Political Science Review, 85, 851, 10.2307/1963853
Rapoport, 1991, Do endorsements matter?, 85, 193
Regens, 1991, Regulatory costs, committee jurisdictions, and corporate PAC contributions, Social Science Quarterly, 72, 751
Regens, 1994, Corporate PAC contributions and rent provision in senate elections, Social Science Quarterly, 75, 152
Renaud, 1988, Fiscal behaviour and the growth of government in the Netherlands
Renaud, 1991, Behavior and budgetary autonomy of local governments, European Journal of Political Economy, 7, 547, 10.1016/0176-2680(91)90036-3
Richardson, 1990, Shirking, representation, and congressional behavior: Voting on the 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act, Public Choice, 67, 11, 10.1007/BF01890154
Romer, 1994, An empirical investigation of the dynamics of PAC contributions, American Journal of Political Science, 38, 745, 10.2307/2111605
Salamon, 1977, Economic power and political influence: The impact of industry structure on public policy, American Political Science Review, 71, 1026, 10.2307/1960105
Salisbury, 1987, Who works with whom?, 81, 1217
Saltzman, 1987, Congressional voting on labor issues: The role of PACs, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 40, 163, 10.2307/2523284
Schattschneider, 1960
Schlozman, 1986
Schneider, 1982, Interest groups in democracies: How influential are they?, 38, 281
Schonhardt-Bailey, 1991, Lessons in lobbying for free trade in 19th century Britain: To concentrate or not, American Political Science Review, 85, 37, 10.2307/1962877
Schroedel, 1986, Campaign contributions and legislative outcomes, Western Political Quarterly, 39, 371, 10.2307/448336
Segal, 1992, A spatial model of roll call voting: Senators, constituents, presidents, and interest groups in Supreme Court confirmations, American Journal of Political Science, 36, 96, 10.2307/2111426
Silberman, 1976, determining legislative preferences on the minimum wage: An economic approach, Journal of Political Economy, 84, 317, 10.1086/260434
Silberman, 1980, The market for special interest campaign funds: An exploratory research, Public Choice, 35, 75, 10.1007/BF00154750
Snyder, 1990, Campaign contributions as investments: The U.S. House of Representatives, 1980–1986, Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1195, 10.1086/261731
Snyder, 1991, On buying legislatures, Economics and Politics, 3, 93, 10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00041.x
Snyder, 1992, Long-term investing in politicians: Or, give early, give often, Journal of Law and Economics, 35, 15, 10.1086/467243
Snyder, 1993, The market for campaign contributions: Evidence for the U.S. Senate 1980–1986, Economics and Politics, 5, 219, 10.1111/j.1468-0343.1993.tb00076.x
Stigler, 1971, The theory of economic regulation, Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2, 3, 10.2307/3003160
Stratmann, 1991, What do campaign contributions buy?, 57, 606
Stratmann, 1992, Are contributions rational?, 100, 647
Stratmann, 1992, The effects of logrolling on Congressional voting, American Economic Review, 82, 1162
Stratmann, 1994, How reelection constituencies matter: Evidence from political action committees' contributions and Congressional voting
Stratmann, 1995, Campaign contributions and congressional voting: Does the timing of contributions matter?, Review of Economics and Statistics, 77, 127, 10.2307/2109998
Stratmann, 1995, The market for congressional votes: Is timing of contributions everything?
Svejnar, 1986, Bargaining theory, fear for disagreement, and wage settlements: Theory and evidence for the U.S. industry, Econometrica, 54, 1055, 10.2307/1912322
Swinnen, 1993, The political economy of agricultural policies: A survey, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 20, 261, 10.1093/erae/20.3.261
Teske, 1991, Interests and institutions in state regulation, American Journal of Political Science, 35, 139, 10.2307/2111441
Thorbecke, 1995, Check bouncing and fiscal irresponsibility: Evidence of nonideological shirking by legislators, Public Choice, 83, 59, 10.1007/BF01047683
Tigges, 1992, Community, class and cohesion in the passage of corporate takeover legislation, Social Science Quarterly, 73, 798
Tosini, 1987, The textile bill of 1985: The determinants of Congressional voting patterns, Public Choice, 54, 19, 10.1007/BF00123802
Trefler, 1993, Trade liberalization and the theory of endogenous protection: An econometric study of U.S. import policy, Journal of Political Economy, 101, 138, 10.1086/261869
Truman, 1951
Uri, 1980, An economic analysis of the determinants of minimum wage voting behavior, Journal of Law and Economics, 23, 167, 10.1086/466957
Van Beek, 1991, Does the decision to retire increase the amount of political shirking?, Public Finance Quarterly, 19, 444, 10.1177/109114219101900405
Van Dijk, 1993, Day-care supply by Dutch municipalities, European Journal of Population, 9, 315, 10.1007/BF01265641
Van Velthoven, 1986, Social classes and state behavior, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 142, 542
Wayman, 1985, Arms control and strategic arms voting in the U.S. senate, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 29, 225, 10.1177/0022002785029002004
Welch, 1979, Patterns of contributions: Economic interest and ideological groups
Welch, 1980, Allocation of political monies: Economic interest groups, Public Choice, 35, 97, 10.1007/BF00154752
Welch, 1981, Money and votes: A simultaneous equation model, Public Choice, 36, 209, 10.1007/BF00123781
Welch, 1982, Campaign contributions and legislative voting: Milk money and dairy price supports, Western Political Quarterly, 35, 478, 10.2307/447336
Wilhite, 1988, Union PAC contributions and legislative voting, Journal of Labor Research, 9, 79, 10.1007/BF02685231
Wilhite, 1986, Unions, corporations, and political campaign contributions: The 1982 House elections, Journal of Labor Research, 7, 175, 10.1007/BF02685309
Wilhite, 1986, Women, Blacks, and PAC discrimination, Social Science Quarterly, 67, 283
Wilhite, 1987, Labor PAC contributions and labor legislation: A simultaneous logit approach, Public Choice, 53, 267, 10.1007/BF00127351
Wright, 1985, PACs, contributions, and roll calls: An organizational perspective, American Journal of Political Science, 79, 400, 10.2307/1956656
Wright, 1989, PAC contributions, lobbying, and representation, Journal of Politics, 51, 713, 10.2307/2131503
Wright, 1990, Contributions, lobbying, and committee voting in the U.S. House of Representatives, American Political Science Review, 84, 417, 10.2307/1963527
Wright, 1993, Shirking and political support in the U.S. Senate, Public Choice, 76, 103, 10.1007/BF01049345
Young, 1991, Interest group politics and the licensing of public accountants, The Accounting Review, 66, 809
Zardkoohi, 1985, On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process, Southern Economic Journal, 51, 804, 10.2307/1057881
Zardkoohi, 1988, Market structure and campaign contributions: Does concentration matter?, Public Choice, 58, 187, 10.1007/BF00125723
Zupan, 1989, A cross-institutional comparison of the extent to which political representatives' voting behavior reflects constituents' preferences, Economic Letters, 30, 291, 10.1016/0165-1765(89)90080-3
Zupan, 1990, The last period problem in politics: Do congressional representatives not subject to a reelection constraint alter their voting behavior?, Public Choice, 65, 167, 10.1007/BF00123797
Zusman, 1976, The incorporation and measurement of social power in economic models, International Economic Review, 17, 447, 10.2307/2525712