Interannual variability of carbon fluxes at the North Atlantic Station ESTOC

J. Pätsch1, W. Kühn1, G. Radach1, J.M. Santana Casiano2, M. Gonzalez Davila2, S. Neuer3, T. Freudenthal4, O. Llinas5
1Institut für Meereskunde, Universitat Hamburg, Troplowitzstrasse 7, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
2Edificio de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Las Palmas de GC, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
3Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
4Universität Bremen, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
5Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas, Aptdo. Correos 55, 35200 Telde (Las Palmas de G. Canaria), Spain

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bacastow, 1990, Ocean-circulation model of the carbon cycle, Climate Dynamics, 4, 95, 10.1007/BF00208905 Behrenfeld, 1997, Photosynthetic rates from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 1, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001 Berger, W.H., Fischer, K., Lai, C., Wu, G., 1988. Ocean carbon flux: global maps of primary production and export production. In: C.R. Agegian (Ed.), Bigeochemical cycling and fluxes between the deep euphotic zone and other oceanic realms, NOAA National Undersea Research Program, Res. Rep. 88-1, pp. 131–176. Burchard, 1995, On the performance of a mixed-layer model based on the k–ε turbulence closure, Geophysical Research, 100, 8523, 10.1029/94JC03229 Canuto, 2001, Ocean turbulence I, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31, 1413, 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1413:OTPIOP>2.0.CO;2 Dickson, 1990, Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15K, Deep-Sea Research, 37, 755, 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90004-F Ebenhöh, 1997, The primary production module in the marine ecosystem model ERSEM-II. In preparation with emphasis on the light forcing, Journal of Sea Research, 38, 173, 10.1016/S1385-1101(97)00043-9 Fasham, 1990, A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer, Journal of Marine Research, 48, 591, 10.1357/002224090784984678 Fischer, 1996, Short-term sedimentation pulses recorded with a fluorescence sensor and sedimentation traps in 900m water depth in the Canary basin, Limnology and Oceanography, 41, 1354, 10.4319/lo.1996.41.6.1354 Freudenthal, 2001, Influence of lateral particle advection and organic matter degradation on sediment accumulation and stable nitrogen isotope ratios along a productivity gradient in the canary islands region, Marine Geology, 177, 93, 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00126-8 Galperin, 1988, A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 45, 55, 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<0055:AQETEM>2.0.CO;2 Hurtt, 1999, A pelagic model calibrated with BATS and OWSI data, Deep-Sea Research I, 46, 27, 10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00055-7 Jerlov, N.G. 1968. Optical Oceanography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 194pp. Kolmogorov, A.N., 1942. Equations of turbulent motion on an incompressible fluid, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Seria fizicheska Vi., 56–58. (English translation: Imperial College, Mech. Eng. Dept. Rept. ON/6, 1968). Kühn, 1997, A one-dimensional physical-biological model study of the pelagic nitrogen cycling during the spring bloom in the northern North Sea (FLEX ’76), Journal of Marine Research, 55, 687, 10.1357/0022240973224229 Levitus, S., Boyer, T.P., 1994a. World Ocean Atlas 1994. Vol. 4: Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4. 117pp. Levitus, S., Burgett, R., Boyer, T.P., 1994b. World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 3: Salinity. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3. 99pp. Lévy, 1998, Simulation of primary production and export fluxes in the NW Mediterranean Sea, Journal of Marine Research, 56, 197, 10.1357/002224098321836163 Maier-Reimer, E., 1993. Design of a 3d biogeochemical tracer model for the ocean. In: Willebrand, J., Anderson, D.L.T. (Eds.), ASI Series. Vol. 11: Modelling Oceanic Climate Interactions. Springer, Berlin, pp. 415–464. Maier-Reimer, 1987, Transport and storage of CO2 in the ocean—an inorganic ocean-circulation carbon cycle model, Climate Dynamics, 2, 63, 10.1007/BF01054491 Martin, 1987, VERTEX, Deep-Sea Research, 34, 267, 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90086-0 Mellor, 1974, A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 31, 1791, 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1791:AHOTCM>2.0.CO;2 Mellor, 1982, Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Reviews in Geophysics, 20, 851, 10.1029/RG020i004p00851 Millero, 1995, Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the oceans, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 661, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00354-O Neuer, 1997, Deep water particle flux in the Canary Island region, Deep-Sea Research I, 44, 1451, 10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00034-4 Neuer, S., Davenport, R., Llinas, O., Rueda, M.-J., Godoy, J., Wefer, G., 1999. Estimates of Primary and Export Production at ESTOC—EOS Trans. AGU Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl. 80:OS 249. Olson, 1981, Differential photoinhibition of marine nitrifying bacteria, Journal of Marine Research, 39, 227 Oguz, 1996, Simulation of annual plankton productivity cycle in the Black Sea by a one-dimensional physical-biological model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 16, 585 Oschlies, 1999, An eddy-permitting coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic. 1. Sensitivity to advection numerics and mixed layer physics, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 135, 10.1029/98GB02811 Paulson, 1977, Irradiance measurements in the upper ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 7, 952, 10.1175/1520-0485(1977)007<0952:IMITUO>2.0.CO;2 Peng, 1998, Quantification of decadal anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the ocean based on dissolved inorganic carbon measurements, Nature, 396, 560, 10.1038/25103 Prandtl, L., 1945. Über ein neues Formelsystemfür die ausgebildete Turbulenz. Nachr. Akad. Wiss., Göttingen, Math. -Phys. Klasse, 6. Rathmeyer, 1999, Lithogenic particle fluxes and grain size distribution in the deep ocean off northwest Africa, Deep-Sea Research I, 46, 1289, 10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00008-4 Rodi, 1987, Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids, Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 5305, 10.1029/JC092iC05p05305 Sathyendranath, 1995, Regionally and seasonally primary production in the North Atlantic, Deep-Sea Research, 42, 1773, 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00059-F Scholten, 2001, Trapping efficiencies of sediment traps from the Deep Eastern North Atlantic, Deep-Sea Research II, 48, 2383, 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00176-4 Steele, J.H., 1974. The Structure of Marine Ecosystems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 128pp. Suess, 1980, Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans—surface productivity and oxygen utilization, Nature, 288, 260, 10.1038/288260a0 Takahashi, T., Chipman, D., Volk, T., 1983. Geographical, seasonal, and secular variations of the partial pressure of CO2 in surface waters of the North Atlantic Ocean: the results of the North Atlantic TTO program, II.123-II.145. In: Proceedings in Carbon Dioxide Research Conference: Carbon Dioxide, Science and Consensus, September 19–23, 1982. Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, USA, CONF-820970, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC, available from NTIS, Springfield, VA, USA. Takahashi, T., Wanninkhof, R.H., Feely, R.A., Weiss, R.F., Chipman, D.W., Bates, N., Olafsson, J., Sabine, C., Sutherland, S.C., 1999. Net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans: An improved estimate based on the sea-air pCO2 difference. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium in the Oceans, Tsukuba, pp. 9–15. Thomas, 1999, Preferential recycling of nutrients—the ocean's way to increase new production and to pass nutrient limitation?, Limnology and Oceanography, 44, 1999, 10.4319/lo.1999.44.8.1999 Wanninkhof, 1992, Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 7373, 10.1029/92JC00188 Ward, B.B., 1992. Nitrogen cycling of the Sea. In: Encyclopedia of Earth System Science, Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York, pp. 295–306. Ward, 1989, Biological nitrogen cycling in the nitracline, Limnology and Oceanography, 34, 493, 10.4319/lo.1989.34.3.0493 Whorf, T.P., Keeling, C.D., 1998. Rising carbon. New Scientist, 157: (2124) 54–54. New Scientist Publ. Expediting Inc., Elmont.