Các hiệu ứng tương tác của tưới nhỏ giọt và phân bón nitơ đối với năng suất lúa mì và ngô: Một phân tích tổng hợp

Jiajia Cui1,2, Erastus Mak-Mensah3, Jingwen Wang2, Qian Li2, Li Huang2, Shen Song1,2, Kangkang Zhi2,1, Ji Zhang1,2
1New Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
2College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
3College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China

Tóm tắt

Tăng trưởng dân số và biến đổi khí hậu đang thúc đẩy nhu cầu về sản xuất thực phẩm bền vững và giảm sử dụng nước trong nông nghiệp do nguồn nước có hạn. Tưới tiêu và bón phân đã được đề xuất để cải thiện việc sử dụng nước và dinh dưỡng của cây trồng, đồng thời có khả năng duy trì hoặc tăng năng suất với ít nước hơn, nhưng tác động của nó đến năng suất cây trồng có thể khác nhau đáng kể. Nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành một phân tích tổng hợp để xem xét tác động của khí hậu, điều kiện đất đai và các phương pháp canh tác đến năng suất ngô và lúa mì trong điều kiện thực địa, đặc biệt khi sử dụng tưới tiêu và bón phân nitơ. Các nhà nghiên cứu đã sử dụng tìm kiếm tài liệu có hệ thống để thu thập dữ liệu về năng suất hạt cho ngô và lúa mì từ các ấn phẩm đã qua phản biện có sẵn trên Web of Science và Google Scholar. Tóm lại, phân tích tổng hợp 24 nghiên cứu đã qua phản biện, bao gồm tổng cộng hơn 706 quan sát, cho thấy việc ứng dụng tưới tiêu và bón phân có tác dụng làm tăng năng suất tương ứng là 9,20% cho ngô và 17,32% cho hạt lúa mì. Năng suất hạt ngô trung bình là 9539,15 kg ha−1 trong thí nghiệm tưới tiêu và bón phân và 8661,57 kg ha−1 trong nhóm đối chứng. Tương tự, năng suất hạt lúa mì trung bình là 7011,58 kg ha−1 trong thí nghiệm tưới tiêu và bón phân và 5797,24 kg ha−1 trong nhóm đối chứng. Đánh giá về độ đồng nhất của kích thước hiệu ứng cho thấy các kích thước hiệu ứng trong nghiên cứu là khác nhau một cách có ý nghĩa. Nghiên cứu này đề xuất rằng việc kết hợp các phương pháp quản lý đồng ruộng hiệu quả với phân bón nitơ và tưới tiêu có thể đạt được sản xuất nông nghiệp bền vững và có khả năng chống chịu với khí hậu trong khi giảm thiểu thiệt hại cho đất và môi trường.

Từ khóa

#tưới tiêu #bón phân nitơ #năng suất cây trồng #ngô #lúa mì #phân tích tổng hợp

Tài liệu tham khảo

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