Interactions of the alzheimer β amyloid fragment (25–35) with peripheral blood dendritic cells

D.J. Selkoe, Normal and abnormal biology of the β-amyloid precursor protein. Ann. Rev. Neurosci., 17 (1994) 489–517. G.G. Glenner and C.W. Wong, Alzheimer's disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 120 (1984) 885–890. A. Goate, M.C. Chartier-Harlin, M. Mullan et al., Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature, 349 (1991) 704–706. M. Mullan, F. Crawford, K. Axelman et al., A pathogenetic mutation for probable Alzheimer's disease in the APP gene at the N-terminus of β-amyloid. Nat. Genet., 1 (1992) 345–347. R. Tanzi, J.F. Gusella, P.C. Watkins et al., Amyloid β protein gene: cDNA, mRNA distribution, and genetic linkage near the Alzheimer locus. Science, 235 (1987) 880–884. D. Games, D. Adams, R. Alessandrini et al., Alzheimer-neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F β-amyloid precursor protein. Nature, 373 (1995) 523–527. F. La Ferla, B. Tinkle, C. Bieberich, C. Handenschild and G. Jay, The Alzheimer's Aβ peptide induces neurodegeneration and apoptotic cell death in transgenic mice. Nat. Genet., 9 (1995) 21–29. C.J. Pike, D. Burdick, A.J. Walencewicz, C.G. Glabe and C.W. Cotman, Neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state. J. Neurosci., 13 (1993) 1676–1687. K. Trieb, G.Ransmayr, R. Sgonc, H. Lassmann and B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, APP peptides stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in normals, but not in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging, 17 (1996) 541–547. R.M. Steinman, The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Ann. Rev. Immunol., 9 (1991) 271–296. F. Sanchez-Madrid, A. Krensky, C. Ware et al., Three distinct antigens associated with human T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 79 (1982) 7489–7493. F. Sallusto and A. Lanzavecchia, Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 and down-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-α. J. Exp. Med., 179 (1994) 1109–1118. M.M. Steger, C. Maczek and B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, Morphologically and functionally intact dendritic cells can be derived from the peripheral blood of aged individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 105 (1996) 544–550. H. Lechner, M. Amort, M.M. Steger, C. Maczek and B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, Regulation of CD95(APO-1) expression and the induction of apoptosis in human T cells: changes in old age. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 110 (1996) 238–243. L.L. Iversen, J. Mortishire, S.J. Pollack and M.S. Shearman, The toxicity in vitro of β-amyloid protein. Biochem. J., 311 (1995) 1–16. L.M. Shaffer, M.D. Dority, R. Grupta-Bausal, R.C. Frederickson, S.G. Jounkin and K.R. Brunden, Amyloid beta protein removal by neuroglial cells in culture. Neurobiol. Aging, 16 (1995) 737–745. J. Frackowiak, H.M. Wisniewski, J. Wegiel, G.S. Merz, K. Iqbal and K.C. Wang, Ultrastructure of the microglia that phagocytose amyloid and the microglia that produce β-amyloid fibrils. Acta Neuropath., 84 (1992) 225–233. G.W. Roberts, S.M. Gentleman, A. Lynch, L. Murray, M. Landon and D.I. Graham, Beta-amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych., 57 (1994) 419–425. W.A.Van Gool, D.B. Schenk and P.A. Bolhuis, Concentrations of amyloid-beta protein in cerebrospinal fluid increase with age in patients free from neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci. Lett., 172 (1994) 122–124. L. Meda, M.A. Cassatella, G.I. Szendrei et al., Activation of microglial cells by β-amyloid protein and interferon-γ. Nature, 374 (1995) 647–650. M.A. Kowalska and K. Badellino, Beta-amyloid protein induces platelet aggregation and supports platelet adhesion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 205 (1994) 1829–1835. B.D. Gitter, L.M. Cox, R.E. Rydel and P.C. May, Amyloid β peptide potentiates cytokine secretion by interleukin-1β activated human astrocytoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92 (1995) 10738–10741. P.L. McGeer and E.G. McGeer, Chronic inflammatory mechanism of the brain: implications for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Dementia, 9 (1995) 111–123. R. Veerhuis, S. Zhan and P. Eikelenboom, Role of inflammation and complement activation in Alzheimer's disease. In: P. Zatta and M. Nicolini (eds.), Non-Neuronal Cells in Alzheimer's Disease, World Scientific, Singapore, 1995, pp. 171–193.