Interaction of nonlinearity and polarization mode dispersion

I. P. Kaminow, “Polarization in optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 17, 15-22 (1981)

S. C. Rashleigh, “Origins and control of polarization effects in single-mode fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol., 1, 312-331 (1983)

L. F. Mollenauer, R. H. Stolen, and J. P. Gordon, “Experimental observation of picosecond pulse narrowing and solitons in optical fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 1095-1098 (1980)

A. Hasegawa and F. Tappert, “Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in disper-sive dielectric fibers. I. Anomalous dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 23, 142-144 (1973)

J. Botineau and R. H. Stolen, “Effect of polarization on spectral broadening in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., 72, 1592-1596 (1982). See also, R. H. Stolen, J. Botineau, and A. Ashkin, “Intensity discrimination of optical pulses with birefringent fibers,” Opt. Lett., 7, 512-514 (1982)

C. R. Menyuk, “Pulse propagation in an elliptically birefringent Kerr medium,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 25, 2674-2682 (1989)

C. R. Menyuk, “Nonlinear pulse propagation in birefringent optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 23, 174-176 (1987)

C. R. Menyuk, “Origin of solitons in the ‘real’ world,” Phys. Rev. A, 33, 4367-4374 (1986)

C. R. Menyuk, “Why are solitons robust in optical fibers,” Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, D. Ostrowsky and R. Reinisch, eds. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1992), pp.457-499

C. R. Menyuk, “Soliton robustness in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 10, 1585-1591 (1993)

C. R. Menyuk, “Stability of solitons in birefringent optical fibers. I: Equal propagation amplitudes,” Opt. Lett., 12, 614-616 (1987); “Stability of solitons in birefringent optical fibers. II. Arbitrary amplitudes,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 5, 392-402 (1988)

M. N. Islam, C. D. Poole, and J. P. Gordon, “Soliton trapping in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Lett., 14, 1011-1013 (1989)

L. F. Mollenauer, K. Smith, J. P. Gordon, and C. R. Menyuk, “Resistance of solitons to the effects of polarization dispersion in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett., 14, 1219-1221 (1989)

P. K. A. Wai, C. R. Menyuk, and H. H. Chen, “Stability of Solitons in Randomly Varying Birefringent Fibers,” Opt. Lett., 16, 1231-1233 (1991)

S. G. Evangelides, L. F. Mollenauer, and J. P. Gordon, “Polarization multiplexing with solitons,” J. Lightwave Technol., 10, 28-34, 1992

C. D. Poole and R. E. Wagner, “Phenomenological approach to polarisation dispersion in long single-mode fibres,” Electron. Lett., 22, 1029-1030 (1986)

M. Karlsson, “Polarization mode dispersion-induced pulse broadening in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett., 23, 688-690 (1998)

C. R. Menyuk, “Application of multiple length-scale methods to the study of optical fiber transmission,” J. Engin. Math., 36, 113-136 (1999)

Y. Kodama, “Optical solitons in a monomode fiber,” J. Stat. Phys., 39, 597-614 (1985). See, also, A. Hasegawa and Y. Kodama, Solitons in Optical Communications (Clarendon, Oxford, UK, 1995), Chap. 1

C. D. Poole, “Statistical treatment of polarization dispersion in single-mode fiber,” Opt. Lett., 13, 687-689 (1988)

S. C. Rashleigh, W. K. Burns, R. P. Moeller, and R. Ulrich, “Polarization holding in birefrin-gent single-mode fibers,” Opt. Lett., 7, 40-42 (1982)

C. D. Poole, J. H. Winters, and J. A. Nagel, “Dynamical equation for polarization dispersion,” Opt. Lett., 16, 372-374 (1991)

P. K. A. Wai and C. R. Menyuk, “Polarization mode dispersion, decorrelation, and diffusion in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence,” J. Lightwave Technol., 14, 148-157 (1996)

F. Corsi, A. Galtarossa, and L. Palmieri, “Beat-length characterization based on backscat-tering analysis in randomly perturbed single-mode fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol., 17, 1172-1183 (1999); A. Galtarossa, L. Palmieri, M. Schiano, and T. Tambosso, “Statistical characterization of fiber random birefringence,” Opt. Lett., 25, 1322-1324 (2000)

D. Marcuse, C. R. Menyuk, and P. K. A. Wai, “Application of the Manakov-PMD equation to studies of signal propagation in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence,” J. Lightwave Technol., 15, 1735-1746 (1997)

M. F. Arend, M. L. Dennis, I. N. Duling, E. A. Golovchenko, A. N. Pilipetskii, and C. R. Menyuk, “Nonlinear-optical loop mirror demultiplexer using a random birefringence fiber: Comparisons between theory and experiments,” Opt. Lett., 22, 886-888 (1997)

E. Ibragimov, C. R. Menyuk, and W. Kath, “PMD-induced reduction of nonlinear penalties in terrestrial optical fiber transmission,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2000, Baltimore, MD, paper WL3

L. Moller, Y. Su, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, and L. L. Buhl, “Penalty interference of nonlinear intra-channel effects and PMD in ultra high-speed TDM systems,” Electron. Lett., 38, 281-283 (2002). Note that Eqs. (1) and (2) contain small errors

R. Khosravani, Y. Xie, L. S. Yan, Y. W. Song, A. E. Willner, and C. R. Menyuk, “Limitations to First-Order PMD Compensation in WDM Systems Due to XPM-Induced PSP Changes,” Optical Fiber Communications Conference 2001, Anaheim, CA, paper WAA5

J. H. Lee, K. J. Park, C. H. Kim, and Y. C. Chung, “Impact of nonlinear crosstalk on optical PMD compensation,” Optical Fiber Communications Conference 2002, Anaheim, CA, paper ThI2