Tương tác giữa Nhiệt độ và Ánh sáng trong Sự Phát triển của Khả Năng Chịu Đựng Đóng Băng ở Thực Vật

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Tập 33 - Trang 460-469 - 2013
Tibor Janda1, Imre Majláth1, Gabriella Szalai1
1Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary

Tóm tắt

Khả năng chịu đựng đóng băng là kết quả của một loạt các quá trình vật lý và sinh hóa, như sự gia tăng sản xuất các protein chống đông, sự thay đổi thành phần màng, sự tích lũy các chất bảo vệ thẩm thấu, và sự thay đổi trạng thái redox, cho phép thực vật hoạt động ở nhiệt độ thấp. Ngay cả ở những loài chịu lạnh, một khoảng thời gian nhất định tăng trưởng ở nhiệt độ thấp nhưng không bị đóng băng, được gọi là quá trình cứng đông hoặc làm cứng lạnh, là cần thiết để phát triển một mức độ chịu đựng lạnh cao. Từ lâu người ta đã biết rằng quá trình cứng đông ở nhiệt độ thấp dưới cường độ ánh sáng thấp kém hiệu quả hơn nhiều so với trong điều kiện ánh sáng bình thường; còn có một số bằng chứng cho thấy cường độ ánh sáng cao ở nhiệt độ bình thường có thể một phần thay thế khoảng thời gian cứng đông. Những kết quả trước đó chỉ ra rằng sự thích nghi với lạnh phản ánh một phản ứng đối với tín hiệu redox của lạp thể trong khi các tác động của áp lực kích thích vượt ra ngoài sự thích nghi quang hợp, ảnh hưởng đến hình thái thực vật và sự biểu hiện của một số gen hạt nhân có liên quan đến thích nghi với lạnh. Những kết quả gần đây cho thấy rằng không chỉ các thông số liên quan chặt chẽ đến các quá trình chuyển tải điện tử quang hợp bị ảnh hưởng bởi ánh sáng trong quá trình làm cứng ở nhiệt độ thấp, mà ánh sáng còn có thể ảnh hưởng đến mức độ biểu hiện của một vài gen liên quan đến lạnh khác; một số quá trình thích nghi với lạnh có thể hoạt động hiệu quả chỉ khi có sự hiện diện của ánh sáng. Bài tổng quan hiện tại cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về các cơ chế có thể giải thích cách ánh sáng cải thiện khả năng chịu đựng đóng băng của thực vật trong giai đoạn làm cứng lạnh.

Từ khóa

#khả năng chịu đựng đóng băng #thực vật #cứng đông #ánh sáng #nhiệt độ #thích nghi với lạnh #protein chống đông #tín hiệu redox

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