Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution

Biological Reviews - Tập 82 Số 2 - Trang 291-318 - 2007
Denis Réale1, Simon M. Reader2,3, Daniel Sol4,2, Peter T. McDougall5, Niels J. Dingemanse6
1Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Ecology and Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Comportementale et Animale, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
2Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
3University of Utrecht, Behavioural Biology and Helmholtz Institute, Padualaan 8, PO Box 80086, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
4CREAF, Center for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E‐08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
5Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
6University of Groningen, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

AbstractTemperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as aggressiveness, avoidance of novelty, willingness to take risks, exploration, and sociality. The study of temperament is central to animal psychology, behavioural genetics, pharmacology, and animal husbandry, but relatively few studies have examined the ecology and evolution of temperament traits. This situation is surprising, given that temperament is likely to exert an important influence on many aspects of animal ecology and evolution, and that individual variation in temperament appears to be pervasive amongst animal species. Possible explanations for this neglect of temperament include a perceived irrelevance, an insufficient understanding of the link between temperament traits and fitness, and a lack of coherence in terminology with similar traits often given different names, or different traits given the same name. We propose that temperament can and should be studied within an evolutionary ecology framework and provide a terminology that could be used as a working tool for ecological studies of temperament. Our terminology includes five major temperament trait categories: shyness‐boldness, exploration‐avoidance, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. This terminology does not make inferences regarding underlying dispositions or psychological processes, which may have restrained ecologists and evolutionary biologists from working on these traits. We present extensive literature reviews that demonstrate that temperament traits are heritable, and linked to fitness and to several other traits of importance to ecology and evolution. Furthermore, we describe ecologically relevant measurement methods and point to several ecological and evolutionary topics that would benefit from considering temperament, such as phenotypic plasticity, conservation biology, population sampling, and invasion biology.

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Biological Reviews

Tập 82 Số 2

291-318

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