Integrating Downstaging in the Risk Assessment of Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: Validation of Valentini's Nomograms and the Neoadjuvant Rectal Score

Bosset, 2006, Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 355, 1114, 10.1056/NEJMoa060829 Sauer, 2004, Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 351, 1731, 10.1056/NEJMoa040694 Kapiteijn, 2001, Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 345, 638, 10.1056/NEJMoa010580 Valentini, 2014, EURECCA consensus conference highlights about rectal cancer clinical management: the radiation oncologist's expert review, Radiother Oncol, 110, 195, 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.10.024 Nagtegaal, 2008, What is the role for the circumferential margin in the modern treatment of rectal cancer?, J Clin Oncol, 26, 303, 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.7027 García-Granero, 2009, Macroscopic assessment of mesorectal excision in rectal cancer, Cancer, 115, 3400, 10.1002/cncr.24387 Quirke, 2009, Effect of the plane of surgery achieved on local recurrence in patients with operable rectal cancer: a prospective study using data from the MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG CO16 randomised clinical trial, Lancet, 373, 821, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60485-2 Maas, 2010, Long-term outcome in patients with a pathological complete response after chemoradiation for rectal cancer: a pooled analysis of individual patient data, Lancet Oncol, 11, 835, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70172-8 Valentini, 2011, Nomograms for predicting local recurrence, distant metastases, and overall survival for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer on the basis of european randomized clinical trials, J Clin Oncol, 29, 3163, 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.1595 Raissouni, 2014, External validation of the neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score and Valentini prediction nomogram (VPN): a multicenter study, J Clin Oncol, 32, 5 Yothers, 2014, Neoadjuvant rectal cancer (RC) score to predict survival: potential surrogate endpoint for early-phase trials, J Clin Oncol, 32, 3533, 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.3533 George, 2015, Neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score: a new surrogate endpoint in rectal cancer clinical trials, Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep, 11, 275, 10.1007/s11888-015-0285-2 Glynne-Jones, 2006, Alternative clinical end points in rectal cancer—are we getting closer?, Ann Oncol, 17, 1239, 10.1093/annonc/mdl173 Collins, 2015, Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement, Ann Intern Med, 162, 55, 10.7326/M14-0697 Greene, 2002 Quirke, 2007, Reporting colorectal cancer, Histopathology, 50, 103, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02543.x Faus, 2010, The role of the pathologist in rectal cancer diagnosis and staging and surgical quality assessment, Clin Transl Oncol, 12, 339, 10.1007/s12094-010-0515-7 Dworak, 1997, Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy, Int J Colorectal Dis, 12, 19, 10.1007/s003840050072 Royston, 2013, External validation of a Cox prognostic model: principles and methods, BMC Med Res Methodol, 13, 1, 10.1186/1471-2288-13-33 Lee, 1996, Tutorial in biostatistics multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors, Stat Med, 15, 361, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4 Tripepi, 2010, Statistical methods for the assessment of prognostic biomarkers. Part I: discrimination, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 25, 1399, 10.1093/ndt/gfq018 Iasonos, 2008, How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis, J Clin Oncol, 26, 1364, 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.9791 Van Stiphout, 2011, Development and external validation of a predictive model for pathological complete response of rectal cancer patients including sequential PET-CT imaging, Radiother Oncol, 98, 126, 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.12.002 Frasson, 2015, Risk factors for anastomotic leak after colon resection for cancer, Ann Surg, 262, 321, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000973 Peng, 2014, Prognostic nomograms for predicting survival and distant metastases in locally advanced rectal cancers, PLoS One, 9, e106344, 10.1371/journal.pone.0106344 Kawai, 2015, Nomograms for colorectal cancer: a systematic review, World J Gastroenterol, 21, 11877, 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11877 Nagtegaal, 2002, Circumferential margin involvement is still an important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma: not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit, Am J Surg Pathol, 26, 350, 10.1097/00000478-200203000-00009 Mawdsley, 2005, Can histopathologic assessment of circumferential margin after preoperative pelvic chemoradiotherapy for T3-T4 rectal cancer predict for 3-year disease-free survival?, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 63, 745, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.03.003 Liebig, 2009, Perineural invasion is an independent predictor of outcome in colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 27, 5131, 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4949 Quah, 2008, Identification of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer for adjuvant therapy, Dis Colon Rectum, 51, 503, 10.1007/s10350-008-9246-z Krasna, 1988, Vascular and neural invasion in colorectal carcinoma. Incidence and prognostic significance, Cancer, 61, 1018, 10.1002/1097-0142(19880301)61:5<1018::AID-CNCR2820610527>3.0.CO;2-H Ryan, 2005, Pathological response following long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer, Histopathology, 47, 141, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02176.x Wheeler, 2002, Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation, Dis Colon Rectum, 45, 1051, 10.1007/s10350-004-6359-x Sainato, 2014, No benefit of adjuvant fluorouracil leucovorin chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cancer of the rectum (LARC): long term results of a randomized trial (I-CNR-RT), Radiother Oncol, 113, 223, 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.10.006 André, 2009, Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial, J Clin Oncol, 27, 3109, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.6771 Maas, 2015, Adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer: defining subgroups who may benefit after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and resection: a pooled analysis of 3,313 patients, Int J Cancer, 137, 212, 10.1002/ijc.29355 Breugom, 2015, Adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy and surgery for patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data, Lancet Oncol, 16, 200, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71199-4 Glimelius, 2013, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol, 24, vi81, 10.1093/annonc/mdt240 Hong, 2014, Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin as adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (ADORE): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 1245, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70377-8 Primrose, 2014, Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled CEA and CT follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: the FACS randomized clinical trial, JAMA, 311, 263, 10.1001/jama.2013.285718 Renehan, 2002, Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials, BMJ, 324, 813, 10.1136/bmj.324.7341.813 Kattan, 2016, American Joint Committee on Cancer acceptance criteria for inclusion of risk models for individualized prognosis in the practice of precision medicine, CA Cancer J Clin, 66, 370, 10.3322/caac.21339