Mô hình hóa tích hợp các kịch bản quản lý nông nghiệp và tài nguyên nước trong một lưu vực ven biển bị suy thoái (Lưu vực Almyros, Magnesia, Hy Lạp)

MDPI AG - Tập 14 Số 7 - Trang 1086
Aikaterini Lyra1, Athanasios Loukas2, Pantelis Sidiropoulos2,1, K. Voudouris3, Nikitas Mylopoulos1
1Laboratory of Hydrology and Aquatic Systems Analysis, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece
2Laboratory of Hydraulic Works and Environmental Management, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
3Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

Tóm tắt

Phạm vi nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của các kịch bản quản lý nông nghiệp và tài nguyên nước lên cân bằng nước ngầm, xâm nhập nước biển và ô nhiễm nitrate, cũng như so sánh các kịch bản đã phát triển với chế độ sản xuất cây trồng và quản lý nước hiện tại trong lưu vực nông nghiệp ven biển Almyros ở vùng Thessaly, Hy Lạp. Các kịch bản nông nghiệp và tài nguyên nước đã được mô phỏng và phân tích trong thời gian 28 năm, từ năm 1991 đến 2018. Phân tích được thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng Hệ thống Mô hình Tích hợp cho các lưu vực ven biển nông nghiệp, bao gồm các mô hình mô phỏng liên kết với nhau về thủy động lực bề mặt nước (UTHBAL), vận hành hồ chứa (UTHRL), mô hình rò rỉ nông nghiệp/nitrate (REPIC), và các mô hình nước ngầm để mô phỏng dòng nước ngầm (MODFLOW) cũng như vận chuyển chất ô nhiễm nitrate (MT3DMS) và chloride (SEAWAT). Áp lực lên tài nguyên nước được ước tính bằng Chỉ số Khai thác Nước (WEI+) và việc vận hành các hồ chứa được đánh giá với chỉ số độ tin cậy để đáp ứng nhu cầu nước. Các chỉ số về Năng suất Nước Cây trồng, Hiệu suất Sử dụng Nitơ và Năng suất Nước Kinh tế đã được sử dụng để định lượng những lợi ích và tính khả thi của các kịch bản thay thế. Kết quả tốt nhất cho sự bền vững của tài nguyên nước đạt được trong kịch bản tưới thiếu và tưới mưa, trong khi kết quả tốt nhất cho tài nguyên nước và nền kinh tế địa phương đạt được trong kịch bản tưới thiếu và bón phân giảm.

Từ khóa


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