Intérêt de l’évaluation quantitative des sources d’inconforts en réanimation
Tóm tắt
Potential sources of discomfort or stressors associated with an intensive care unit (ICU) stay can be classified as intrinsic or patient-related factors, environmental factors (such as noise and excess of light), and organizational factors. Two approaches facilitate the assessment of ICU-related stressors: first an objective approach by measuring physical or physiological parameters that characterize either ICU-related stressors or their impact on the critically ill patient, and second, a subjective approach using questionnaires (patient-related outcomes). Pain is frequently reported by ICU patients as the main stressful condition, in relation to many therapeutic or diagnostic procedures. Thirst and sleep deprivation are also perceived very negatively by ICU patients in studies based on questionnaires investigating patient-related outcomes. ICU stays without control of stressors may induce agitation and confusion (ICU psychosis) and increase the risk of developing a post-traumatic stress disorder. Promoting the IPREA (Inconforts des Patients de REAnimation, discomfort in critically ill patients) questionnaire and its implementation in routine clinical practice could be the starting point for the development of quality assurance programs based on the Deming Approach—PDCA “Plan Do Check Act.”
Tài liệu tham khảo
VIe Conférence de consensus SFAR SRLF P, 19 novembre 2009 « Mieux vivre la réanimation », http://www.sfar.org/article/180/mieux-vivre-la-reanimation-cc-2009
Capuzzo M, Bianconi M, Contu P, et al (1996) Survival and quality of life after intensive care. Intensive Care Med 22:947–953
Dowdy DW, Eid MP, Sedrakyan A, et al (2005) Quality of life in adult survivors of critical illness: a systematic review of the literature. Intensive Care Med 31:611–620
Mendelsohn AB, Belle SH, Fischhoff B, et al (2002) How patients feel about prolonged mechanical ventilation 1 year later. Crit Care Med 30:1439–1445
Arroyo-Novoa CM, Figueroa-Ramos MI, Puntillo KA, et al (2008) Pain related to tracheal suctioning in awake acutely and critically ill adults: a descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 24:20–27
Woodward J (1978) An ICU is a place to live -not just survive. RN 41:62
Redding JS, Hargest TS, Minsky SH (1977) How noisy is intensive care? Crit Care Med 5:275–276
Hursey FX, Powers WE (1978) Noise levels in ICU’s. Crit Care Med 6:193
McLaughlin A, McLaughlin B, Elliott J, Campalani G (1996) Noise levels in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit: a preliminary study conducted in secret. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 12:226–230
Balogh D, Kittinger E, Benzer A, Hackl JM (1993) Noise in the ICU. Intensive Care Med 19:343–346
Kent WD, Tan AK, Clarke MC, Bardell T (2002) Excessive noise levels in the neonatal ICU: potential effects on auditory system development. J Otolaryngol 31:355–360
Aaron JN, Carlisle CC, Carskadon MA, et al (1996) Environmental noise as a cause of sleep disruption in an intermediate respiratory care unit. Sleep 19:707–710
Krachman SL, D’Alonzo GE, Criner GJ (1995) Sleep in the intensive care unit. Chest 107:1713–1720
Parthasarathy S, Tobin MJ (2004) Sleep in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 30:197–206
Bergbom-Engberg I, Haljamae H (1989) Assessment of patients’ experience of discomforts during respirator therapy. Crit Care Med 17:1068–1072
Granja C, Lopes A, Moreira S, et al (2005) Patients’ recollections of experiences in the intensive care unit may affect their quality of life. Crit Care 9:R96–R109
Rotondi AJ, Chelluri L, Sirio C, et al (2002) Patients’ recollections of stressful experiences while receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 30:746–752
Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ, et al (1991) The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Palliat Care 7:6–9
Nelson JE, Meier DE, Oei EJ, et al (2001) Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care. Crit Care Med 29:277–282
Ballard KS (1981) Identification of environmental stressors for patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Issues Ment Health Nurs 3:89–108
Novaes MA, Aronovich A, Ferraz MB, Knobel E (1997) Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation. Intensive Care Med 23: 1282–1285
Novaes MA, Knobel E, Bork AM, et al (1999) Stressors in ICU: perception of the patient, relatives and health care team. Intensive Care Med 25:1421–1426
Brullmann F, Guidet B, Maury E, et al (1997) Analysis of patients’ perception of their stay in a medical intensive care unit. Les trois equipes d’infirmieres. Presse Med 26:1956–1961
Jones C, Griffiths RD, Humphris G, Skirrow PM (2001) Memory, delusions, and the development of acute posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms after intensive care. Crit Care Med 29:573–580
Turner JS, Briggs SJ, Springhorn HE, Potgieter PD (1990) Patients’ recollection of intensive care unit experience. Crit Care Med 18:966–968
Cazorla C, Cravoisy A, Gibot S, et al (2007) Patients’ perception of their experience in the intensive care unit. Presse Med 36:211–216
Huppe M, Zollner M, Alms A, et al (2005) The Anaesthesiological questionnaire for patients in cardiac anaesthesia. Results of a multicenter survey by the scientific working group for cardiac anaesthesia of the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Anaesthesist 54:655–666
Chan MF, Chung YF, Chung SW, Lee OK (2009) Investigating the physiological responses of patients listening to music in the intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs 18:1250–1257
Jaber S, Bahloul H, Guetin S, et al (2007) Effects of music therapy in intensive care unit without sedation in weaning patients versus non-ventilated patients. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 26:30–38
Gabor JY, Cooper AB, Crombach SA, et al (2003) Contribution of the intensive care unit environment to sleep disruption in mechanically ventilated patients and healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:708–715
Gelling L (1999) Causes of ICU psychosis: the environmental factors. Nurs Crit Care 4:22–26
Stevens RD, Neufeld KJ, Sharshar T (2011) Delirium in the ICU: time to probe the hard questions. Crit Care 15:118
Cochran J, Ganong LH (1989) A comparison of nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of intensive care unit stressors. J Adv Nurs 14:1038–1043
Girard TD, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, et al (2007) Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 11:R28
Schelling G, Richter M, Roozendaal B, et al (2003) Exposure to high stress in the intensive care unit may have negative effects on health-related quality-of-life outcomes after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 31:1971–1980
Capuzzo M, Bertacchini S, Jones C, et al (2008) Patients with PTSD after intensive care avoid hospital contact at 2-year follow-up. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 52:313–314
Jones J, Hoggart B, Withey J, et al (1979) What the patients say: a study of reactions to an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 5:89–92
Kalfon P, Mimoz O, Auquier P, et al (2010) Development and validation of a questionnaire for quantitative assessment of perceived discomforts in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 36:1751–1758
Simini B (1999) Patients’ perceptions of intensive care. Lancet 354:571–572