Các chỉ số chênh lệch cấp độ tổ chức để xác định sự bất bình đẳng trong giáo dục: công cụ hữu ích hay sự phân tán giảm thiểu?

Kevin M. Hubbard1
1Teaching Excellence Academy, University of Hull, Hull, UK

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtSự công bằng ngày càng được coi là một giá trị cốt lõi cho hệ thống giáo dục đại học trên toàn thế giới. (Bất) bình đẳng thường được đo lường thông qua việc xây dựng các khoảng cách thành tích, định lượng kết quả tương đối của hai nhóm sinh viên. Các khoảng cách ở cấp độ tổ chức được nhúng trong bối cảnh chính sách của giáo dục đại học và trở thành các chỉ số hiệu suất tự thân. Những chỉ số này ngày càng ảnh hưởng đến hành động của các chính phủ, cơ quan quản lý, tổ chức và giáo viên. Bài viết lý thuyết này xem xét kỹ lưỡng cấu trúc kỹ thuật và khái niệm của các khoảng cách thành tích thông qua việc sử dụng khái niệm 'chênh lệch cấp độ tổ chức' về phân loại bằng cấp của Vương quốc Anh. Dựa trên Lý thuyết Công bằng của Adam, Công lý Phân phối của Rawls và Tiếp cận Năng lực như những quan điểm lý thuyết, tôi nêu bật nhiều điểm yếu cấu trúc trong khái niệm chênh lệch cấp phát. Tôi minh họa những tác động của chỉ số này bằng cách phân tích dữ liệu chênh lệch cấp phát mô phỏng cho một tổ chức giả tưởng, và qua quan điểm của năm bên liên quan lý tưởng hóa. Tôi xác định nhiều hạn chế kỹ thuật và lý thuyết của chỉ số chênh lệch cấp phát ở cấp tổ chức, bao gồm các ví dụ mà bản chất dựa trên ngưỡng của chênh lệch cấp phát không thể nắm bắt được sự khác biệt thống kê giữa các nhóm, do đó làm suy yếu tính hữu dụng của nó trong việc xác định sự bất bình đẳng. Tôi kêu gọi lĩnh vực này phát triển các chỉ số chính xác hơn trong việc nắm bắt (bất) bình đẳng kết quả và phù hợp hơn với các khuôn khổ lý thuyết, qua đó tạo ra các chỉ số giải thích mạnh mẽ hơn có thể thông báo cho hành động có ý nghĩa.

Từ khóa


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