Insight into different phenotypic presentations of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Virani, 2020, Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2020 update: A report from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 141, e139, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757 Benjamin, 2019, Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2019 update: A report from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 139, e56, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659 Dunlay, 2017, Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Nat Rev Cardiol, 14, 591, 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.65 Aggarwal, 2018, Lifestyle modifications for preventing and treating heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 72, 2391, 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2160 Paulus, 2013, A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 62, 263, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.092 Tschope, 2014, New insights in (inter)cellular mechanisms by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Curr Heart Fail Rep, 11, 436, 10.1007/s11897-014-0219-3 Franssen, 2016, From comorbidities to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A story of oxidative stress, Heart, 102, 320, 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307787 Mohammed, 2015, Coronary microvascular rarefaction and myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Circulation, 131, 550, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009625 Franssen, 2016, Myocardial microvascular inflammatory endothelial activation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, JACC Heart Fail, 4, 312, 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.10.007 Pieske, 2020, How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the heart failure association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Eur J Heart Fail, 22, 391, 10.1002/ejhf.1741 Nagueh, 2016, Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 29, 277, 10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011 Opdahl, 2009, Determinants of left ventricular early-diastolic lengthening velocity: Independent contributions from left ventricular relaxation, restoring forces, and lengthening load, Circulation, 119, 2578, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.791681 Kasner, 2007, Utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of diastolic function in heart failure with normal ejection fraction: A comparative Doppler-conductance catheterization study, Circulation, 116, 637, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.661983 Kasner, 2011, Diastolic tissue Doppler indexes correlate with the degree of collagen expression and cross-linking in heart failure and normal ejection fraction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 57, 977, 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.024 Donal, 2017, Non-invasive estimation of left heart filling pressures: another nail in the coffin for E/e'?, Eur J Heart Fail, 19, 1661, 10.1002/ejhf.944 Mitter, 2017, A test in context: E/a and E/e' to assess diastolic dysfunction and LV filling pressure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 69, 1451, 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.12.037 Lam, 2009, Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A community-based study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 53, 1119, 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.051 Al-Naamani, 2015, Pulmonary arterial capacitance is an important predictor of mortality in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, JACC Heart Fail, 3, 467, 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.01.013 Aschauer, 2017, Modes of death in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, Int J Cardiol, 228, 422, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.154 Stefano, 2012, Assessment of echocardiographic left atrial size: accuracy of M-mode and two-dimensional methods and prediction of diastolic dysfunction, Echocardiography, 29, 379, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01643.x Moya-Mur, 2010, Indexed left atrial volume is a more sensitive indicator of filling pressures and left heart function than is anteroposterior left atrial diameter, Echocardiography, 27, 1049, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01216.x Shah, 2019, Echocardiographic features of patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 74, 2858, 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.063 Messerli, 2017, The transition from hypertension to heart failure: contemporary update, JACC Heart Fail, 5, 543, 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.04.012 Lam, 2011, Cardiac dysfunction and noncardiac dysfunction as precursors of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in the community, Circulation, 124, 24, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.979203 Borlaug, 2011, Diastolic relaxation and compliance reserve during dynamic exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Heart, 97, 964, 10.1136/hrt.2010.212787 Diamond, 2005, Hypertensive heart disease, Hypertens Res, 28, 191, 10.1291/hypres.28.191 Minatoguchi, 2017, Evaluation of systolic and diastolic properties of hypertensive heart failure using speckle-tracking echocardiography with high volume rates, Heart Vessel, 32, 1202, 10.1007/s00380-017-0995-2 Madan, 2020, Clinical evaluation of infiltrative cardiomyopathies resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Rev Cardiovasc Med, 21, 181, 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.02.65 Rubin, 2020, Cardiac amyloidosis: Overlooked, underappreciated, and treatable, Annu Rev Med, 71, 203, 10.1146/annurev-med-052918-020140 Devesa, 2021, Prevalence of transthyretin amyloidosis in patients with heart failure and no left ventricular hypertrophy, ESC Heart Fail, 8, 2856, 10.1002/ehf2.13360 Castaño, 2017, Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in older adults: Optimizing cardiac imaging to the corresponding diagnostic and management goal, Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep, 11 Narotsky, 2016, Wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Novel insights from advanced imaging, Can J Cardiol, 32, 1166.e1, 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.05.008 Phelan, 2012, Relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, Heart, 98, 1442, 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302353 Maron, 2007, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, JAMA, 298, 405, 10.1001/jama.298.4.405 Maron, 2015, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adulthood associated with low cardiovascular mortality with contemporary management strategies, J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, 1915, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.061 Olivotto, 2012, Patterns of disease progression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An individualized approach to clinical staging, Circ Heart Fail, 5, 535, 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.967026 Melacini, 2010, Clinicopathological profiles of progressive heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Eur Heart J, 31, 2111, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq136 Fernandez, 2011, Comparison of prevalence, clinical course, and pathological findings of left ventricular systolic impairment versus normal systolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Am J Cardiol, 108, 548, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.083 Harris, 2006, Prevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 114, 216, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583500 Hwang, 2014, Implications of coronary artery disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2817, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.034 Rush, 2021, Prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, JAMA Cardiol, 6, 1130, 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.1825 Ohara, 2010, Evolving focus on diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease, Curr Opin Cardiol, 25, 613, 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32833f0438 Bertini, 2009, Left ventricular rotational mechanics in acute myocardial infarction and in chronic (ischemic and nonischemic) heart failure patients, Am J Cardiol, 103, 1506, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.02.010 Ishii, 2009, Abnormal regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: clinical significance of post-ischemic diastolic stunning, J Am Coll Cardiol, 54, 1589, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.030 Hoffmann, 2010, Tissue Doppler echocardiography reveals distinct patterns of impaired myocardial velocities in different degrees of coronary artery disease, Eur J Echocardiogr, 11, 544, 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq015 Elgendy, 2019, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: is ischemia due to coronary microvascular dysfunction a mechanistic factor?, Am J Med, 132, 692, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.038 Michelsen, 2019, Overlap between angina without obstructive coronary artery disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, PLoS One, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0216240 Taqueti, 2018, Coronary microvascular dysfunction and future risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Eur Heart J, 39, 840, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx721 Lavie, C.J., et al., Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure, in JACC Heart Fail. 2013, © 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc: United States. p. 93–102. Tutor, 2023, Updates on obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular diseases, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 78, 2, 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.11.013 Upadhya, 2015, Sarcopenic obesity and the pathogenesis of exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Curr Heart Fail Rep, 12, 205, 10.1007/s11897-015-0257-5 Prevention, C.f.D.C.a Obokata, 2017, Evidence supporting the existence of a distinct obese phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Circulation, 136, 6, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026807 Abel, 2008, Cardiac remodeling in obesity, Physiol Rev, 88, 389, 10.1152/physrev.00017.2007 Aryee, 2023, Heart failure and obesity: The latest pandemic, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 78, 43, 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.003 van Woerden, 2018, Epicardial fat in heart failure patients with mid-range and preserved ejection fraction, Eur J Heart Fail, 20, 1559, 10.1002/ejhf.1283 Bell, 1995, Diabetic cardiomyopathy. A unique entity or a complication of coronary artery disease?, Diabetes Care, 18, 708, 10.2337/diacare.18.5.708 Kannel, 1979, Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study, JAMA, 241, 2035, 10.1001/jama.1979.03290450033020 Rodrigues, 1998, Metabolic disturbances in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Mol Cell Biochem, 180, 53, 10.1023/A:1006882805197 Brownlee, 2005, The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism, Diabetes, 54, 1615, 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1615 Cai, 2006, Attenuation by metallothionein of early cardiac cell death via suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress results in a prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, 1688, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.022 Fang, 2004, Diabetic cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications, Endocr Rev, 25, 543, 10.1210/er.2003-0012 Pierce, 1997, Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the heart during diabetes, Cardiovasc Res, 34, 41, 10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00010-2 Chavali, 2013, Predictors and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy, Diab Metab Syndr Obes, 6, 151 Cai, 2002, Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in mouse myocardium: Mitochondrial cytochrome C-mediated caspase-3 activation pathway, Diabetes, 51, 1938, 10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1938 Kasznicki, 2014, Heart failure in the diabetic population - pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, Arch Med Sci, 10, 546, 10.5114/aoms.2014.43748 Tadic, 2021, Functional capacity and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes, Acta Diabetol, 58, 107, 10.1007/s00592-020-01600-x Iwakura, 2019, Heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: assessment with echocardiography and effects of antihyperglycemic treatments, J Echocardiogr, 17, 177, 10.1007/s12574-019-00446-9 Zamorano, 2017, 2016 ESC position paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for practice guidelines: the task force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Eur J Heart Fail, 19, 9, 10.1002/ejhf.654 Nadruz, 2019, Cardiovascular phenotype and prognosis of patients with heart failure induced by cancer therapy, Heart, 105, 34, 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313234 Saiki, 2017, Risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in older women after contemporary radiotherapy for breast Cancer, Circulation, 135, 1388, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025434 Saiki, 2017, Experimental cardiac radiation exposure induces ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 313, H392, 10.1152/ajpheart.00124.2017 Cao, 2015, Diastolic dysfunction occurs early in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated concurrently with radiation therapy and Trastuzumab, Oncologist, 20, 605, 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0299 Horstkotte, 1988, The natural history of aortic valve stenosis, Eur Heart J, 57, 10.1093/eurheartj/9.suppl_E.57 Vahanian, 2007, Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the task force on the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology, Eur Heart J, 28, 230 Kamimura, 2017, Increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness is associated with heart failure symptoms in aortic stenosis patients with preserved ejection fraction, J Card Fail, 23, 581, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.05.002 Dahl, 2014, Left ventricular diastolic function is associated with symptom status in severe aortic valve stenosis, Circ Cardiovasc Imag, 7, 142, 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000636 Park, 2013, Hemodynamic patterns for symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 6, 137, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.10.013 Go, 2004, Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization, N Engl J Med, 351, 1296, 10.1056/NEJMoa041031 Weiner, 2004, Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A pooled analysis of community-based studies, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 1307, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000123691.46138.E2 Hillege, 2006, Renal function as a predictor of outcome in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure, Circulation, 113, 671, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580506 Tuegel, 2017, Heart failure in patients with kidney disease, Heart, 103, 1848, 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310794 Kirkman, 2021, The chronic kidney disease phenotype of HFpEF: Unique cardiac characteristics, Am J Cardiol, 142, 143, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.012 Abramowitz, 2015, Mitral annulus calcification, J Am Coll Cardiol, 66, 1934, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.872