Inorganic mesoporous particles for controlled α-linolenic acid delivery to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in vitro

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Karhunen, 2008, Effect of protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre on gastrointestinal peptide release in humans, Regul. Pept., 149, 70, 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.10.008 Drucker, 2001, Minireview: The glucagon-like peptides, Endocrinology, 142, 521, 10.1210/endo.142.2.7983 Meier, 2004, Secretion, degradation, and elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and healthy control subjects, Diabetes, 53, 654, 10.2337/diabetes.53.3.654 De Silva, 2012, Gut hormones and appetite control: a focus on PYY and GLP-1 as therapeutic targets in obesity, Gut Liver, 6, 10, 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.1.10 Koulischer, 1982, Degradation of cholecystokinin octapeptide, related fragments and analogs by human and rat plasma in vitro, Regul. Pept., 4, 127, 10.1016/0167-0115(82)90080-5 Herzig, 2018, Peptides combined – physiology revisited!, Peptides, 110, A1, 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.11.001 Kovalainen, 2015, Novel delivery systems for improving the clinical use of peptides, Pharmacol. Rev., 67, 541, 10.1124/pr.113.008367 Xue, 2011, pH-operated mechanized porous silicon nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 8798, 10.1021/ja201252e McInnes, 2012, Combination of iCVD and porous silicon for the development of a controlled drug delivery system, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 4, 3566, 10.1021/am300621k Tabasi, 2012, Functionalized mesoporous silicon for targeted-drug-delivery, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf., 98, 18, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.018 Jaganathan, 2012, Biocompatibility assessment of Si-based nano- and micro-particles, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 64, 1800, 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.008 Bimbo, 2010, Biocompatibility of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon nanoparticles and their biodistribution in rats, ACS Nano, 4, 3023, 10.1021/nn901657w Jugdaohsingh, 2007, Silicon and bone health, J. Nutr. Health Aging, 11, 99 Kovalainen, 2018, Biodegradation of inorganic drug delivery systems in subcutaneous conditions, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 122, 113, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.014 Kilpeläinen, 2009, In vivo delivery of a peptide, ghrelin antagonist, with mesoporous silicon microparticles, J. Control. Release, 137, 166, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.03.017 Kilpeläinen, 2011, Nanostructured porous silicon microparticles enable sustained peptide (Melanotan Ⅱ) delivery, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 77, 20, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.10.004 Salonen, 2005, Mesoporous silicon microparticles for oral drug delivery: loading and release of five model drugs, J. Control. Release, 108, 362, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.017 Limnell, 2007, Surface chemistry and pore size affect carrier properties of mesoporous silicon microparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 343, 141, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.05.010 Hirasawa, 2005, Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120, Nat. Med., 11, 90, 10.1038/nm1168 Tanaka, 2008, Cloning and characterization of the rat free fatty acid receptor GPR120: in vivo effect of the natural ligand on GLP-1 secretion and proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, Naunyn-Schmie. Arch. Pharmacol., 377, 515, 10.1007/s00210-007-0250-y Paulsen, 2014, Expression of the fatty acid receptor GPR120 in the gut of diet-induced-obese rats and its role in GLP-1 secretion, PLoS ONE, 9, e88227, 10.1371/journal.pone.0088227 Rindi, 1990, Development of neuroendocrine tumors in the gastrointestinal tract of transgenic mice. Heterogeneity of hormone expression, Am. J. Pathol., 136, 1349 Drucker, 1994, Activation of proglucagon gene transcription by protein kinase-a in a novel mouse enteroendocrine cell line, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 1646 Glassmeier, 1998, Expression of functional GABAA receptors in cholecystokinin-secreting gut neuroendocrine murine STC-1 cells, J. Physiol., 510, 805, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.805bj.x Flemström, 2011, Apelin stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion: feeding-dependent and mediated via apelin-induced release of enteric cholecystokinin, Acta Physiol., 201, 141, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02175.x Herzig, 1998, Regulation of the action of the novel cholecystokinin-releasing peptide diazepam binding inhibitor by inhibitory hormones and taurocholate, Regul. Pept., 74, 193, 10.1016/S0167-0115(98)00021-4 Salonen, 2004, Stabilization of porous silicon surface by thermal decomposition of acetylene, Appl. Surf. Sci., 225, 389, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.10.028 Charnay, 2004, Inclusion of ibuprofen in mesoporous templated silica: drug loading and release property, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 57, 533, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2003.12.007 Khutoryanskiy, 2015, Supramolecular materials: longer and safer gastric residence, Nat. Mater., 14, 963, 10.1038/nmat4432 McConnell, 2008, Measurements of rat and mouse gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue, and implications for in-vivo experiments, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 60, 63, 10.1211/jpp.60.1.0008 Costa, 2001, Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles, Eur. J. Pharma. Sci., 13, 123, 10.1016/S0928-0987(01)00095-1 Cichon, 2010, Separation anxiety: detachment from the extracellular matrix induces metabolic changes that can stimulate tumorigenesis, J. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2, 113, 10.1093/jmcb/mjp050 Nettleton, 1991, Omega-3 fatty acids: comparison of plant and seafood sources in human nutrition, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 91, 331, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)01118-4 Charman, 1997, Physiochemical and physiological mechanisms for the effects of food on drug absorption: the role of lipids and pH, J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 269, 10.1021/js960085v Camilleri, 1989, Human gastric emptying and colonic filling of solids characterized by a new method, Am. J. Physiol., 257, 284 Degen, 1996, Variability of gastrointestinal transit in healthy women and men, Gut, 39, 299, 10.1136/gut.39.2.299 Offermanns, 2014, Free fatty acid (FFA) and hydroxy carboxylic acid (HCA) receptors, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 54, 407, 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135945 Kato, 2000, Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on blood glucose, insulin and GLUT4 protein content of type 2 diabetic mice, J. Health Sci., 46, 489, 10.1248/jhs.46.489 Chambers, 2015, Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults, Gut, 64, 1744, 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307913 Greenfield, 2009, Oral glutamine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon and insulin concentrations in lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 89, 106, 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26362 Wewer Albrechtsen, 2016, The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs, BMC Res, Notes, 10.1186/s13104-016-1872-2 Gunawardene, 2011, Classification and functions of enteroendocrine cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract, Int. J. Exp. Pathol., 92, 219, 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00767.x Amidon, 2015, Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems: design trends and approaches, AAPS PharmSciTech., 16, 731, 10.1208/s12249-015-0350-9