Informed consent in research ethics: an analysis from the perspective of Luhmann’s social systems theory
Tóm tắt
We explore the origins and dynamics of ethical communication with reference to the requirements for informed consent provision in research ethics. We adopt the analytical framework developed in Luhmann’s social systems theory to illustrate how ethical communication about informed consent has developed in the medical, legal and scientific systems. We would like to suggest that the development of ethical communication is the result of the developing semantics of individuality and personhood. Our analysis adds specific observations about how communication about research ethics, and informed consent specifically, reduces complexity in an increasingly functionally differentiated society.
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Medical Association. 1847. Code of ethics of the american medical association. Philadelphia: T.K. and P.G. Collins.
American Psychological Association. 1953. Ethical standards of psychologists. http://supp.apa.org/books/Essential-Ethics-for-Psychologists/1953ethicscode.pdf. Accessed 10 Jun 2017.
Andersen, N. 2003. Discursive analytical strategies: Understanding Foucault, Laclau, Luhmann. Koselleck: Bristol, Policy Press.
Annas, G., and M. Grodin. 1992. The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg Code. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Armstrong, D. 1984. The patient’s view. Social Science and Medicine 18: 737–744.
Corrigan, O. 2003. Empty ethics: The problem with informed consent. Sociology of Health & Illness 25: 768–792.
Faden, R., and T. Beauchamp. 1986. The history and theory of informed consent. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foucault, M. 1963. The birth of the clinic: An archaelogy of medical perception. London: Routledge Classics.
Gerhardt, U. 1989. Ideas about illness: An intellectual and political history of medical sociology. London: Macmillan Education Ltd.
Gibson, B., and Burr, J. 2014. Polycontexturality in medical research ethics. In Systems theory and the sociology of health and illness: Observing healthcare, eds. Knudsen, M., and Werner, V. London: Routledge.
Gibson, B., and N. Paul. 2014. Differentiation and displacement: unpicking the relationship between accounts of illness and social structure. Social Theory & Health 12: 267–290.
Gregory, J. 1817 Lectures on the duties and qualifications of a physian. Philadelphia: M. Carey and Son. https://archive.org/details/2555043R.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 30 Sept 2016
Grodin, M. 1992. Historical origins of the Nuremberg Code. In The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg Code: human rights in human experimentation, eds. Annas, G., and Grodin, M. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hooker, W. 1849. Physician and patient. New York: Baker and Scribner.
Humphreys, L. 1970. Tearoom Trade. Impersonal sex in public places. Piscataway NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Kant, I. 1953. Critique of pure reason. London: MacMillan.
Katz, J. 1972. Experimentation with human beings. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Katz, J. 1998. Reflections on informed consent: 40 years after its birth. Journal of American College of Surgeons 186: 466–474.
Luhmann, N. 1992. The code of the moral. Cardozo Law Review 14: 995–1009.
Luhmann, N. 1993. Risk: A sociological theory. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Luhmann, N. 1994. How can the mind participate in communication? In Materialities of communication, eds. Gumbretcht, H., and Pfeiffer, K. Stanford: Standord University Press.
Luhmann, N. 1995. Social systems. Stanford: California, Stanford University Press.
Luhmann, N. 1996. The sociology of the moral and ethics. International Sociology 11: 27–36.
Luhmann, N. 1997. Globalization or world society: How to conceive of modern society? International Review of Sociology 7: 67–79.
Luhmann, N 2002. How can the mind participate in communication? In Theories of distinction: Redescribing the descriptions of modernity, ed. Rasch, W. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Luhmann, N. 2012. Theory of society, vol. 1. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Luhmann, N. 2013. Theory of society, vol. 2. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Milgram, S. 1965. Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations 18: 57–76.
Moeller, H.-G. 2006. Luhmann explained: From souls to systems. Illinois: Open Court.
Nassehi, A., I. Saake, and K. Mayr. 2008. Healthcare ethics committees without function? Locations and forms of ethical speech in a ‘society of presents’. Advances in Medical Sociology 9: 129–156.
Nuremberg Code. 1947. https://history.nih.gov/research/downloads/nuremberg.pdf. Accessed 2 Jun 2016.
Parsons, N. 1975. The sick role and the role of the physician revisited. Milbank Memorial Fund, Health and Society 53: 257–278.
Percival, T. 1803. Medical Ethics; or, a code of Institutes and Precepts, adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons., Oxford, John Henry Parker. https://archive.org/stream/medicalethicsan00flingoog/medicalethicsan00flingoog_djvu.txt. Accessed 21 Jun 2015.
Rolater V Strain. 1913 OK 643: 1913: Oklahoma Supreme Court. http://law.justia.com/cases/oklahoma/supreme-court/1913/14030.html.
Rose, N. 1989. Governing the soul. London: Routledge.
Ruebhausen, O., and O. Brim. 1966. Privacy and behavioral research. American Pscychologist 21: 423–437.
Salgo V. Leland Stanford Jr. University Board of Trustees, 154 Cal.App.2d 560 http://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/2d/154/560.html.
Schloendorff v Society of N.Y. Hospitals (105N.E. 92). http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/consent/schoendorff.htm.
Schirmer, W., and D. Michalakis. 2011. The responsibility principle. Contradictions of priority-setting in Swedish healthcare. Acta Sociologica 54: 267–282.
Slater V. Baker and Stapleton 95 Eng. Rep. 860 – Supreme Court 1767.
Verschraegen, G. 2002. Human rights and modern society: A sociological analysis from the perspective of systems theory. Journal of Law and Society 29: 258–281.