Influencia de la prediabetes en el pronóstico cardiovascular del paciente hipertenso

Mancia, 2003, Outcomes with nifedipine GITS or coamilozide in hypertensive diabetics and nondiabetics in intervention as a goal in hypertension (INSIGHT), Hypertension, 41, 431, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000057420.27692.AD Pepine, 2003, A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 290, 2805, 10.1001/jama.290.21.2805 Yusuf, 2001, HOPE Study Investigators. Ramipril and the development of diabetes, JAMA, 286, 1882, 10.1001/jama.286.15.1882 Lithell, 2003, The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial, J Hypertens, 21, 875, 10.1097/00004872-200305000-00011 Granger, 2003, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial, Lancet, 362, 772, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5 Hansson, 2000, Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and betablockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study, Lancet, 356, 359, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02526-5 Lindholm, 2002, Risk of new-onset diabetes in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study, J Hypertens, 20, 1879, 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00035 Hansson, 1999, Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPP) randomised trial, Lancet, 353, 611, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05012-0 2002, JAMA, 288, 2981, 10.1001/jama.288.23.2981 Lindholm, 2003, Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study), J Hypertens, 21, 1563, 10.1097/00004872-200308000-00022 Julius, 2004, Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial, Lancet, 363, 2022, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16451-9 Opie, 2004, Old antihypertensive and new diabetes, J Hypertens, 22, 1453, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000133732.24501.9e Messerli, 2004, Antihypertensive therapy and new onset diabetes, J Hypertens, 22, 1845, 10.1097/00004872-200410000-00001 2003, Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes, Diabetes Care, 26, S80, 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S80 2003, 2003 European Society of Hypertension- European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, J Hypertens, 21, 1011, 10.1097/00004872-200306000-00001 Narayan, 2002, Targeting people with pre-diabetes, BMJ, 325, 403, 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.403 De Vegt, 2001, Relation of impaired fasting and postload glucose with incident type 2 diabetes in a dutch population: The Hoorn Study, JAMA, 285, 2109, 10.1001/jama.285.16.2109 2002, The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 25, 1, 10.2337/diacare.25.2007.S1 Genuth, 2003, Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Care, 26, 3160, 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160 D’Agostino, 2004, Cardiovascular disease risk factors predict the development of type 2 diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study, Diabetes Care, 27, 2234, 10.2337/diacare.27.9.2234 Osei, 2004, Impaired insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness predict future development of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic African Americans: implications for primary diabetes prevention, Diabetes Care, 27, 1439, 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1439 Benjamin, 2003, Estimated number of adults with prediabetes in the US in 2000: opportunities for prevention, Diabetes Care, 26, 645, 10.2337/diacare.26.3.645 García Puig, 2004, Prevalence of carbohydrate metabolic alterations in hospital based hypertension units in Spain: The AVANT study. (abstract), J Hypertens, 22, S97, 10.1097/00004872-200402001-00413 Björnholt, 1999, Fasting blood glucose: an underestimated risk factor for cardiovascular death. Results from a 22-year follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men, Diabetes Care, 22, 45, 10.2337/diacare.22.1.45 1999, Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria, Lancet, 354, 617, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)12131-1 Hanefeld, 2003, Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity pattern is different in isolated impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose: the risk factor in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes study, Diabetes Care, 26, 868, 10.2337/diacare.26.3.868 Norhammar, 2002, Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study, Lancet, 359, 2140, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09089-X Bartnik, 2004, The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart, Eur Heart J, 25, 1880, 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.07.027 Aguilar, 2004, Newly diagnosed and previously known diabetes mellitus and 1-year outcomes of acute myocardial infarction: the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial, Circulation, 110, 1572, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000142047.28024.F2 Kernan, 2005, Prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance following a transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, Arch Intern Med, 165, 227, 10.1001/archinte.165.2.227 Cohen, 2004, Glucose-cholesterol interaction magnifies coronary heart disease risk for hypertensive patients, Hypertension, 43, 983, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000124918.30897.55 Hu, 2002, Elevated risk of cardiovascular disease prior to clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 25, 1129, 10.2337/diacare.25.7.1129 Pepine, 2004, Cardiovascular therapies and risk for development of diabetes, J Am Coll Cardiol, 44, 509, 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.03.071 2005, Strategies to identify adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Care, 28, 138, 10.2337/diacare.28.1.138 Reaven, 2002, Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease, Circulation, 106, 286, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000019884.36724.D9 Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285:2486-97. Ford, 2002, Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, JAMA, 287, 356, 10.1001/jama.287.3.356 Ford, 2004, Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults, Diabetes Care, 27, 2444, 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2444 Banegas, 2003, Epidemic of metabolic diseases. A warning call, Med Clin (Barc), 120, 99, 10.1157/13042647 Segura, 2004, Hypertensive renal damage in metabolic syndrome is associated with glucose metabolism disturbances, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, S37, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000093237.00846.78 Bruno, 2004, Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Casale Monferrato Study, Diabetes Care, 27, 2689, 10.2337/diacare.27.11.2689 International Diabetes Federation Consensus Worlwide Definition of Metabolic Syndrome. Berlin; 2005. Padwal, 2004, Antihypertensive therapy and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, Diabetes Care, 27, 247, 10.2337/diacare.27.1.247 Lewington, 2002, Prospective Studies Collaboration, Lancet, 360, 1903 Festa, 2003, Inflammation in the prediabetic state is related to increased insulin resistance rather than decreased insulin secretion, Circulation, 108, 1822, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091339.70120.53 Lorenzo, 2003, The metabolic syndrome as predictor of type 2 diabetes: the San Antonio heart study, Diabetes Care, 26, 3153, 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3153 Cranston, 1963, Effects of oral diuretics on raised arterial pressure, Lancet, 186, 966, 10.1016/S0140-6736(63)90671-8 Lewis, 1976, Deterioration of glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients on prolonged diuretic treatment, Lancet, 1, 564, 10.1016/S0140-6736(76)90359-7 Murphy, 1982, Glucose intolerance in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics; a fourteen-year follow-up, Lancet, 2, 1293, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91506-9 Medical Research Council. Adverse reactions to bendrofluazide and propranolol for the treatment of mild hypertension. Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension. Lancet 1981;2: 543-9. Zanchetti, 2002, Antihypertensive treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: what guidance from recent controlled randomized trials?, J Hypertens, 20, 2099, 10.1097/00004872-200211000-00001 Alderman, 1999, Diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients, Hypertension, 33, 1130, 10.1161/01.HYP.33.5.1130 Eberly, 2003, Intervention Trial Research group Impact of incident diabetes and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease on 18-year mortality: the multiple risk factor intervention trial experience, Diabetes Care, 26, 848, 10.2337/diacare.26.3.848 Verdecchia, 2004, Adverse prognostic significance of new diabetes in treated hypertensive subjects, Hypertension, 43, 963, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000125726.92964.ab Chiasson, 2004, Prevention of type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance and beta-cell function, Diabetes, 53, S34, 10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S34 Carr, 2005, A reduced-fat diet and aerobic exercise in Japanese Americans with impaired glucose tolerance decreases intra-abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity but not beta-cell function, Diabetes, 52, 340, 10.2337/diabetes.54.2.340 Kudzma, 2002, Effects of thiazolidinediones for early treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Am J Manag Care, 8, S472 Roberts, 2003, Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions, Curr Opin Lipidol, 14, 567, 10.1097/00041433-200312000-00004 Walter, 2005, Potential role of oral thiazolidinedione therapy in preserving beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Drugs, 65, 1, 10.2165/00003495-200565010-00001 Breuer, 2003, Review of acarbose therapeutic strategies in the long-term treatment and in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 41, 421, 10.5414/CPP41421 Chiasson, 2003, Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial, JAMA, 290, 486, 10.1001/jama.290.4.486 Orchard, 2005, The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 142, 611, 10.7326/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00009 Irons, 2004, Delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with prediabetes, Pharmacotherapy, 24, 362, 10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170 Scheen, 2002, New antiobesity agents in type 2 diabetes: overview of clinical trials with sibutramine and orlistat, Diabetes Metab, 28, 437 Leiter, 2005, Of the renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species type 2 diabetes mellitus and angiotensin II inhibition, Am J Hypertens, 18, 121, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.07.001 Mancia, 2006, New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs, J Hypertens, 24, 3, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000194119.42722.21