Influence of weight management on the prognosis of steatohepatitis in chronic hepatitis B patients during antiviral treatment

2018, Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 3, 383, 10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30056-6 Lee, 2020, Hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients receiving antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Choi, 2020, Comparison of long-term clinical outcomes between spontaneous and therapy-induced HBsAg seroclearance, Hepatology Pais, 2015, Prevalence of steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Eur J Intern Med, 26, 30, 10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.001 Wang, 2014, Hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent in hepatitis B patients and negatively associated with virological factors, Dig Dis Sci, 59, 2571, 10.1007/s10620-014-3180-9 Singh, 2015, Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, 643, 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.014 Loomba, 2015, Ezetimibe for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: assessment by novel magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography in a randomized trial (MOZART trial), Hepatology, 61, 1239, 10.1002/hep.27647 Zhang, 2020, Chronic hepatitis B and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: conspirators or competitors?, Liver Int, 40, 496, 10.1111/liv.14369 Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia, 2018, Hepatic steatosis and its effects on fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16, 491, 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.12.018 Suliman, 2019, The effects of hepatic steatosis on the natural history of HBV infection, Clin Liver Dis, 23, 433, 10.1016/j.cld.2019.05.001 Choi, 2020, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with liver-related outcomes and all-cause mortality in chronic hepatitis B, Hepatology, 71, 539, 10.1002/hep.30857 Wang, 2017, Hepatitis B virus infection and decreased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cohort study, Hepatology, 66, 681, 10.1002/hep.29252 Machado, 2011, Hepatic steatosis in hepatitis B virus infected patients: meta-analysis of risk factors and comparison with hepatitis C infected patients, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 26, 1361, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06801.x Joo, 2017, Hepatitis B virus infection and decreased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cohort study, Hepatology, 65, 828, 10.1002/hep.28917 Chan, 2020, Positive hepatitis B core antibody is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Am J Gastroenterol, 115, 867, 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000588 Zhong, 2018, Current but not past hepatitis B virus infection is associated with a decreased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Chinese population: a case-control study with propensity score analysis, J Viral Hepat, 25, 842, 10.1111/jvh.12878 Rong, 2020, Synergistic effect of Biejia-Ruangan on fibrosis regression in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, J Infect Dis, jiaa266, 10.1093/infdis/jiaa266 Qu, 2014, Blocking and reversing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by traditional Chinese medicine (tablets of biejia ruangan or RGT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 15, 438, 10.1186/1745-6215-15-438 Ishak, 1995, Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis, J Hepatol, 22, 696, 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80226-6 Kleiner, 2005, Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 41, 1313, 10.1002/hep.20701 Chang, 2010, Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B, Hepatology, 52, 886, 10.1002/hep.23785 Zeng, 2008, Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, J Dig Dis, 9, 108, 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00331.x U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for Industry. Noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis: developing drugs for treatment. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Available from: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/04/2018-26333/noncirrhotic-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-with-liver-fibrosis-developing-drugs-for-treatment-draft National Medical Products Administration of China, Guiding principles for clinical trials of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis drugs (for trial implementation) (No. 92 of 2019). Available from: https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/qtggtg/20191220141201879.html Jin, 2012, Association between hepatic steatosis and entecavir treatment failure in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B, PLoS One, 7, e34198, 10.1371/journal.pone.0034198 Bondini, 2007, Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on chronic hepatitis B, Liver Int, 27, 607, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01482.x Mak, 2020, Diverse effects of hepatic steatosis on fibrosis progression and functional cure in virologically quiescent chronic hepatitis B, J Hepatol, 73, 800, 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.040 Xu, 2017, A comparison of hepatic steatosis index, controlled attenuation parameter and ultrasound as noninvasive diagnostic tools for steatosis in chronic hepatitis B, Dig Liver Dis, 49, 910, 10.1016/j.dld.2017.03.013 Kelly, 2017, Sonography predicts liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, J Ultrasound Med, 36, 925, 10.7863/ultra.16.04076 Worland, 2020, Hepatitis B virus activity is not associated with degree of liver steatosis in patients with hepatitis B-related chronic liver disease, Liver Int, 40, 1500, 10.1111/liv.14344 Neuschwander-Tetri, 2015, Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 385, 956, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61933-4 Armstrong, 2016, Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, Lancet, 387, 679, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00803-X Vilar-Gomez, 2015, Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Gastroenterology, 149, 367, 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005 Alam, 2019, Effect of weight reduction on histological activity and fibrosis of lean nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patient, J Transl Int Med, 7, 106, 10.2478/jtim-2019-0023 Saida, 2014, Effect modification of body mass index and body fat percentage on fatty liver disease in a Japanese population, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29, 128, 10.1111/jgh.12377 Yamada, 2021, Impact of body weight gain on the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese Japanese individuals, Am J Gastroenterol, 116, 733, 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001030 Tsai, 2021, Joint effect of changes in physical activity and weight on incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, J Epidemiol Community Health, 10.1136/jech-2021-216728 Wong, 2018, Beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, J Hepatol, 69, 1349, 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.011 Zhu, 2019, Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study, Liver Int, 39, 70, 10.1111/liv.13933 Zelber-Sagi, 2012, Predictors for incidence and remission of NAFLD in the general population during a seven-year prospective follow-up, J Hepatol, 56, 1145, 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.011 Chang, 2016, Metabolically healthy obesity and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Am J Gastroenterol, 111, 1133, 10.1038/ajg.2016.178 Kim, 2007, Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis via transcriptional activation of SREBP1 and PPARgamma, Gastroenterology, 132, 1955, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.039 Wang, 2018, Intracellular hepatitis B virus increases hepatic cholesterol deposition in alcoholic fatty liver via hepatitis B core protein, J Lipid Res, 59, 58, 10.1194/jlr.M079533 Wu, 2015, Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis by enhancing the expression of liver fatty acid binding protein, J Virol, 90, 1729, 10.1128/JVI.02604-15 Zhang, 2017, Anti-HBV drugs suppress the growth of HBV-related hepatoma cells via down-regulation of hepatitis B virus X protein, Cancer Lett, 392, 94, 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.003 Shaheen, 2017, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate significantly decreases serum lipoprotein levels compared with entecavir nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in chronic hepatitis B carriers, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 46, 599, 10.1111/apt.14218 Zhang, 2020, A discovery of clinically approved formula FBRP for repositioning to treat HCC by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB activation, Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 19, 890, 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.023 Donkers, 2020, Inhibition of hepatic bile acid uptake by myrcludex B promotes glucagon-like peptide-1 release and reduces obesity, Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 451, 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.009 Sripongpun, 2020, Tenofovir alafenamide attenuates effects of diabetes and body mass on serum alanine aminotransferase activities in patients with chronic hepatitis B, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.047 Seto, 2016, Body-mass index is associated with fibrosis regression during long-term nucleoside analogue therapy in chronic hepatitis B, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 44, 1071, 10.1111/apt.13804 Kim, 2019, Influence of hepatic steatosis on the outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir and tenofovir, Clin Mol Hepatol, 25, 283, 10.3350/cmh.2018.0054 Charatcharoenwitthaya, 2017, The prevalence of steatohepatitis in chronic hepatitis B patients and its impact on disease severity and treatment response, Liver Int, 37, 542, 10.1111/liv.13271