Influence of shear on polypropylene crystallization kinetics
Tóm tắt
Isothermal crystallization kinetics under shear in the melt of iPP was investigated by optical microscopy. It appears that shearing from 200 to the crystallization temperatures enhanced the kinetics, but the shear effect was not obvious if the melt of iPP was sheared only at 200. The experiment results show that relaxation plays an important role during crystallization, and that spherulite growth rates increased with shear rates and were governed by relaxation. The effect of flow on the crystallization kinetics can be understood by considering that the increase of the degree of order due to flow results is an effective change of the melt free energy. The Laurizen-Hoffman theory and the DE-IAA model were used to describe the shear-induced crystallization kinetics of iPP excellently.
Tài liệu tham khảo
A. Keller, H.W.H. Kolnaar, in Processing of Polymers, edited by R.W. Cahn, P. Haasen, E.J. Kramer, Materials Science and Technology - A Comprehensive Treatment, Vol. 18, edited by H.E.H. Meijer (Wiley-VCH, 1997) p. 189 .
M.J. Hill, A. Keller, J. Macromol. Sci. B 3, 153 (1969).
G.C. Bashir, J.A. Odell, A. Keller, J. Mater. Sci. 21, 3993 (1986).
G. Eder, H. Janeschitz-Kriegl, in Processing of Polymers, edited by R.W. Cahn, P. Haasen, E.J. Kramer, Materials Science and Technology - A Comprehensive Treatment, Vol. 18, edited by H.E.H. Meijer (Wiley-VCH, 1997) p. 269.
H. Janeschitz-Kriegl, E. Ratajski, H. Wippel, Colloid Polym. Sci. 277, 217 (1999).
H. Janeschitz-Kriegl, Colloid Polym. Sci. 275, 1121 (1997).
N.V. Pogodina, H.H. Winter, S. Srinivas, J. Polym. Sci. B 37, 3512 (1999).
N.V. Pogodina, V.P. Lavrenko, S. Srinivas, H.H. Winter, Polymer 42, 9031 (2001).
N.V. Pogodina, H.H. Winter, Macromolecules 31, 8164 (1998).
N.V. Pogodina, S.K. Siddiquee, J.W. van Egmond, H.H. Winter, Macromolecules 32, 1167 (1999).
G. Kumaraswamy, J.A. Kornfield, F.J. Yeh, B.S. Hsiao, Macromolecules 35, 1762 (2002).
M. Seki, D.W. Thurman, J.P. Oberhauser, J.A. Kornfied, Macromolecules 35, 2583 (2002).
R.H. Somani, L. Yang, B.S. Hsiao, H. Fruitwala, J. Macromol. Sci. B 42, 515 (2003).
J. Ryan, N.J. Terrill, J.P.A. Fairclough, Scattering study of nucleation phenomena in homopolymer melts, in Scattering of Polymers --Characterization by X-rays, Neutrons, and Light, edited by P. Cebe, B.S. Hsiao, D.J. Lohse, ACS Symp. Ser. 739 (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000) p. 201.
G.R. Mitchell, J.J. Holt, S.A. Thornley, C.K. Chai, Proceedings of the International Conference on Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polymers --Impact to Processing and Manufact Properties, Salerno, Italy, 2001, edited by G. Titomanlio, G. Guerra (Wiley, 2002) p. 15.
G.C. Alfonso, F. Azzurri, Proceedings of the International Conference on Flow Induced Crystallization of Polymers --Impact to Processing and Manufact Properties, Salerno, Italy, 2001, edited by G. Titomanlio, G. Guerra (Wiley, 2002) p. 27.
D.C. Bassett, Proceedings of the International Conference on Flow Induced Crystallization of Polymers --Impact to Processing and Manufact Properties, Salerno, Italy, 2001, edited by G. Titomanlio, G. Guerra (Wiley, 2002) p. 59.
A. Keller, M.J. Machin, J. Macromol. Sci. B 1, 41 (1967).
G. Kumaraswamy, A.M. Issaian, J.A. Kornfield, Macromolecules 32, 7537 (1999). Okkio in ref. [20]: I.A. M. ssaian probabilmente e’ A.M. Issaian (v. ref. [19])!!!
G. Kumaraswamy, R.K. Verma, A.M. Issaian, P. Wang, J.A. Kornfield, F. J. Yeh, B.S. Hsiao, R.H. Olley, Polymer 41, 8931 (2000).
J. Varga, Angew. Makromol. Chemie 112, 191 (1983).
A. J .Pennings, J.M.A. Van der mark, H.C. Booij, Kolloid Z. Z. Polym. 236, 99 (1970).
M.R. Mackley, A. Keller, Polymer 14, 16 (1973).
D.P. Pope, A. Keller, Colloid Polym. Sci. 256, 751 (1978).
M.J. Miles, A. Keller, Polymer 21, 1295 (1980).
A. Keller, H.W.H. Kolnaar, Mater. Sci. Technol. 18, 189 (1997).
M.J. Hill,; A. Keller, J. Macromol. Sci. B 5, 591 (1971).
A.J. Pennings, A.M. Keil, Kolloid Z. Z. Polym. 205, 160 (1965).
E. Koscher, R. Fulchiron, Polymer 43, 6931 (2002).
R.H. Somani, L. Yang, I. Sics, B.S. Hsiao, N.V. Pogodina, H.H. Winter, P. Agarwal, H. Fruitwala, A. Tsou, Macromol. Symp. 185, 105 (2002).
S. Yamazaki, M. Hikosaka, A. Toda, I. Wataoka, K. Yamada, K. Tagashira, J. Macromol. Sci. B 42, 499 (2003).
L.B. Li, W.H.de Jeu, Macromolecules 36, 4862 (2003).
M.D. Wolkowicz, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 63, 365 (1978).
R.R. Lagasse, B. Maxwell, Polym. Eng. Sci. 16, 189 (1976).
R.H. Somani, B.S. Hsiao, A. Nogales, S. Srinivas,. A.H. Tsou, I. Sics, F. J. Balta-Calleja, T.A. Ezquerra, Macromolecules 33, 9385 (2000).
R.H. Somani, B. S Hsiao,. A. Nogales, H. Fruitwala, S. Srinivas, A.H. Tsou, Macromolecules 34, 5902 (2001).
P.K. Agarwal, R.H. Somani, W.Q. Weng, A. Mehta, L. Yang, S.F. Ran, L.Z. Liu, B.S. Hsiao, Macromolecules 36, 5226 (2003).
C. Tribout, B. Monasse, J.M. Haudin, Colloid Polym Sci. 274, 197 (1996).
D. Lellinger, G. Floudas, I. Alig, Polymer 44, 5759 (2003).
C.H. Sheawood, F.P. Price, R.S. Stein, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 63, 77 (1978).
M.C. Chien, R.A. Weiss, Polym. Eng. Sci. 28, 6 (1988).
D.L. Krueger, G.S.Y. Yeh, J. Appl. Phys. 43, 4339 (1972).
V. Tan, C.G. Gogos, Polym. Eng. Sci. 16, 512 (1976).
K. Kobayashi, T. Nagasawa, J. Macromol. Sci. B 4, 331 (1970).
E.S. Hsiue, R.E. Robertson, G.S.Y. Yeh, Polym. Eng. Sci. 23, 74 (1983).
R.D. Ulrich, F.P. Price, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 20, 1095 (1976).
S.C. Jiang, L.J. An, B.Z. Jiang, J. Polym. Sci. B 42, 656 (2004).
D. Turnbull, J.C. Fisher, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 71 (1949).
J.I. Lauritzen jr., J.D. Hoffman, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 4340 (1973).
M. Doi, S.F. Edwards, The Theory of Polymer Dynamics (Clarendon Oxford, England, 1986).
S. Coppola, N. Grizzuti, P.L. Maffettone, Macromolecules 34, 5030 (2001).
S. Acierno, S. Coppola, N. Grizzuti, P.L. Maffettone, Macromol. Symp. 185, 233 (2002).
G. Marrucci, N.J. Grizzuti, Rheol. 27, 433 (1983).
A.C. Bushman, A.J. McHugh, J. Polym. Sci. B 34, 2393 (1996).
A.K. Doufas, A.J. McHugh, C. Miller, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 92, 27 (2000).
C. Duplay, B. Monasse, J.M. Haudin, J.M. Costa, J. Mater. Sci. 35, 6093 (2000).
J. Varga, J. Kocsis-Kocsis, J. Polym. Sci. B 34, 657 (1996).
A. Elmoumni, H. Henning Winter, A.J. Waddon, H. Fruitwala, Macromolecules 36, 6453 (2003).
P.W. Zhu, G. Edward, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 288, 301 (2003).
R.H. Somani, L. Yang, B.S. Hsiao, Physica A 304, 145 (2002).
H. Huo, S.C. Jiang, L.J. An, J.C. Feng, Macromolecules 37, 2478 (2004).
J.D. Hoffman, Polymer 24, 3 (1983).
J.I. Lauritzen, J.D. Hoffman, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. A 64, 73 (1960).
B.Monasse, J.M. Haudin, Colloid. Polym. Sci. 263, 822 (1985).
J.J. Janimak, S.Z.D. Cheng, P.A. Giusti, Macromolecules 24, 2253 (1991).