Influence of age on the relative sensitivity of Hyalella azteca to diazinon, alkylphenol ethoxylates, copper, cadmium, and zinc
Tóm tắt
Laboratories testing Hyalella azteca use a wide range of ages (or sizes) of the amphipod in their studies. The objective of this study was to investigate age-specific differences in sensitivity of the amphipod to contaminants with varying toxic modes of action. Hyalella azteca, ranging in age from <1 to 26 d, were tested in 96-h water-only exposures with the organophosphate pesticide diazinon, a mixture of alkylphenol ethoxylates (nonionic surfactants), copper sulfate, cadmium chloride, and zinc sulfate. Overall age-specific differences in sensitivity to the five test chemicals were relatively small; 96-h LC50 values typically varied by 50% or less among the various age classes of H. azteca. When differences in sensitivity were observed, trends were apparently related to the contaminant tested rather than to the age of the amphipods, i.e., no particular age class consistently was the most sensitive to the toxicants.
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Society for Testing and Materials (1992) New standard guide for conducting solid phase sediment toxicity tests with freshwater invertebrates. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 11.04, E1383–92. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
Andersson T, Forlin L (1992) Regulation of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in fish. Aquat Toxicol 24:1–20
Ankley GT, Collyard SA (1994) Influence of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides to three benthic invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol (submitted)
Ankley GT, Dierkes JR, Jensen DA, Peterson GS (1991) Piperonyl butoxide as a tool in aquatic toxicological research with organophosphate insecticides. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 21:266–274
Hamilton MA, Russo RC, Thurston RV (1977) Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ Sci Technol 11:714–719. Correction 12:417 (1978)
Lewis MA, Perry RL (1981) Acute toxicities of equimolar and equitoxic surfactant mixtures to Daphnia magna and Lepomis macrochirus. In: D.R. Branson and K.L. Dickson (eds) Aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment: Fourth Conference, STP 737. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp 402–418
Nebeker AV, Cairns MA, Gakstatter JH, Malueg KW, Schuytema GS, Krawcyzk DF (1984a) Biological methods for determining toxicity of contaminated freshwater sediments to invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 3:617–630
Nebeker AV, Cairns MA, Wise CM (1984b) Relative sensitivity of Chironomus tentans life stages to copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 3:151–158
Nebeker AV, Cairns MA, Onjukka ST, Titus RH (1986) Effect of age on sensitivity of Daphnia magna to cadmium, copper and cyanazine. Environ Toxicol Chem 5:527–530
Nebert DW, Gonzalez FJ (1987) P450 genes: Structure, evolution, and regulation. Ann Rev Biochem 56:945–993
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1985) Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms, EPA/600/4-85-013. Cincinnati, OH
-- (1989) Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms, EPA/600/4-89-001. Cincinnati, OH
— (1992) Tiered testing issues for freshwater and marine sediments—workshop proceedings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, DC
Wood CM (1992) Flux measurements as indices of H+ and metal effects on freshwater fish. Aquat Toxicol 22:239–264