Influence of age on spatial and temporal migratory patterns of Black Storks from Germany

Felix Fisel1,2, Georg Heine3, Carsten Rohde4, Martin Wikelski5,3, Andrea Flack6,3,1
1Collective Migration Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
2Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
3Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
4Independent Expert for the Protection of Large Forest Species, Klein Markow, Germany
5Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
6Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany

Tóm tắt

How the migration behavior of long-lived birds develops throughout their life is still a research question in ornithology that is largely unanswered. Here, we analyzed GPS data of 70 juvenile Black Storks during the first 3 years of their migration to determine the influence of age and experience on migration patterns. We focused on the choice of the migration flyway, as well as the movements in the wintering area, and the changes in departure times with increasing age. Migratory routes of German Black Storks were divided into the western (82% of all tracked individuals) and eastern flyways (16%). The central migratory flyway through Italy or Greece was taken only by two individuals and never repeatedly. In addition, we found that the wintering area decreased by almost 60% during their first 3 years of life. In addition, spring departure dates from the wintering areas also became earlier with increasing age. However, we did not find changes in departures from the breeding area in autumn. Thus, our study shows that age and migration experiences have a considerable influence on essential migratory decisions in Black Storks. Further, it also demonstrates that older storks rely strongly on previous experiences to perform their migrations efficiently.

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